Experimental and Molecular Predictions of the Adjuvanticity of Snail Mucin on Hepatitis B Vaccine in Albino Mice

Abstract

Although aluminum-containing adjuvants are widely used in human vaccination due to their excellent safety profile, they exhibit low effectiveness with many recombinant antigens. This study investigated the adjuvanticity of snail mucin with recombinant Hepatitis B Vaccine (rHBsAg). Twenty-five (25) female mice distributed unbiasedly into 5 groups were used in the study and were administered different rHBsAg/Mucin formulation at 7 days intervals. Blood samples were collected a day following the administration for analysis. The results of liver function and body weight analysis were indications that snail mucin had no adverse effect on the mice. The treatment group (administer mucin and rHBsAg) showed significantly (P<0.05) higher mean titres of anti-HBsAg antibodies when compared with the negative controls and the positive control administered with two doses of rHBsAg. Furthermore, a comparable immune response to positive control administered with three doses rHBaAG was recorded. In silico prediction, studies of the protein-protein interaction of a homology modelled snail mucus protein and HBsAg gave an indication of enhanced HBV antigen-antibody interaction. Therefore, this study has shown that snail mucin possesses some adjuvant properties and enhances immune response towards rHBsAg vaccine. However, there is a need for further molecular dynamics studies to understand its mechanism of action.

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“…Serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) are indices for liver toxicity, and creatinine is the index of renal injury. The normal ranges of ALT, AST, and creatinine are 17–77 U/L, 54–298 U/L, and 35–52.5 μmol/L, respectively 58 , 59 . As shown in Fig.…”