Experimental and modeling study on the auto-ignition properties of ammonia/methane mixtures at elevated pressures

Shu, Bo; He, Xiaoyu; Ramos, Catarina; Fernandes, Ravi X.; Costa, Mário

doi:10.1016/j.proci.2020.06.291

Cited by 70 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…At reported conditions (2.0–7.0 MPa and 930–1140 K) and equivalence ratios of 0.5–2.0, respectively, methane shows a strong enhancing effect on ammonia that levels off at high methane fractions, similar to what was observed for hydrogen addition. This effect was confirmed by Shu et al in their RCM investigation, covering equivalence ratios of 1.0 and 2.0 and methane fractions of 10 and 20%. Most recently, Issayev et al investigated the combustion behavior of ammonia/DEE mixtures in a RCM over a temperature range of 620–942 K, pressures near 2.0 and 4.0 MPa, and equivalence ratios of 0.5 and 1.0 .…”

Section: Combustionsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…Since the 1950s, fundamental investigations have been performed to understand the combustion characteristics of ammonia. The experiments include the flammability, − ignition delay, − , flame propagation, − and speciation. − Data from those experiments serve further as validation targets for the chemical kinetics mechanisms and as references for further technical realizations. It is therefore essential here to provide a review of the measurements, which are easily accessible to peer researchers for identifying the relevant and reliable data set.…”

Section: Combustionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Summary of the conditions of IDT measurements of mixtures containing ammonia from the literature. ,− ,,, …”

Section: Combustionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In section , the reported experimental investigations were discussed, focusing on low to intermediate temperatures and elevated pressures. In addition to the comprehensive experimental data sets available in the literature, ,,,− ,,,,,− ,− ,,− ,,,− quite a few reaction mechanisms have been reported in the past 5 years. ,,,,,,,− However, in general, these mechanisms have been evaluated only against a limited subset of the experimental data. In the present review, selected recent models are evaluated against experimental investigations for neat ammonia, ammonia–hydrogen mixtures, and ammonia–hydrocarbon mixtures.…”

Section: Combustionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In several recent studies, ,,,,,,,, some of these five selected mechanisms have been further evaluated, applying newly obtained experimental data, such as ignition delays and speciation of ammonia mixtures, at intermediate temperatures and high pressures. These studies have highlighted some strengths and shortcomings of the selected mechanisms, but a wider comparison has not been reported; an overview of the validation of the five mechanisms can be found in Table .…”

Section: Combustionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review on Ammonia as a Potential Fuel: From Synthesis to Economics

et al. 2021

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Ammonia, a molecule that is gaining more interest as a fueling vector, has been considered as a candidate to power transport, produce energy, and support heating applications for decades. However, the particular characteristics of the molecule always made it a chemical with low, if any, benefit once compared to conventional fossil fuels. Still, the current need to decarbonize our economy makes the search of new methods crucial to use chemicals, such as ammonia, that can be produced and employed without incurring in the emission of carbon oxides. Therefore, current efforts in this field are leading scientists, industries, and governments to seriously invest efforts in the development of holistic solutions capable of making ammonia a viable fuel for the transition toward a clean future. On that basis, this review has approached the subject gathering inputs from scientists actively working on the topic. The review starts from the importance of ammonia as an energy vector, moving through all of the steps in the production, distribution, utilization, safety, legal considerations, and economic aspects of the use of such a molecule to support the future energy mix. Fundamentals of combustion and practical cases for the recovery of energy of ammonia are also addressed, thus providing a complete view of what potentially could become a vector of crucial importance to the mitigation of carbon emissions. Different from other works, this review seeks to provide a holistic perspective of ammonia as a chemical that presents benefits and constraints for storing energy from sustainable sources. State-of-the-art knowledge provided by academics actively engaged with the topic at various fronts also enables a clear vision of the progress in each of the branches of ammonia as an energy carrier. Further, the fundamental boundaries of the use of the molecule are expanded to real technical issues for all potential technologies capable of using it for energy purposes, legal barriers that will be faced to achieve its deployment, safety and environmental considerations that impose a critical aspect for acceptance and wellbeing, and economic implications for the use of ammonia across all aspects approached for the production and implementation of this chemical as a fueling source. Herein, this work sets the principles, research, practicalities, and future views of a transition toward a future where ammonia will be a major energy player.

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Section: Combustionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Combustionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Summary of the conditions of IDT measurements of mixtures containing ammonia from the literature. ,− ,,, …”

Section: Combustionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Combustionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Combustionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review on Ammonia as a Potential Fuel: From Synthesis to Economics

et al. 2021

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Decomposition of CH3NH2${\rm CH}_3{\rm NH}_2$: Implications for CHx/NHy${\rm CH}_{\rm {\it x}}/{\rm NH}_{\rm {\it y}}$ radical–radical reactions

Glarborg,

Alzueta

2024

Int J of Chemical Kinetics

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Experiments on methylamine () decomposition in shock tubes, flow reactors, and batch reactors have been re‐examined to improve the understanding of hydrocarbon/amine interactions and constrain rate constants for + reactions. In high‐temperature shock tube experiments, the rapid thermal dissociation of provides a fairly clean source of and radicals, allowing an assessment of reactions of with and NH. At the lower temperatures in batch and flow reactors, is mostly consumed by reaction with H to form + ; these results are useful in determining the fate of the radical. Interpretation of these data, along with flow reactor data for the /H system at lower temperature, indicates that at temperatures up to about 1400 K at atmospheric pressure and above 2000 K at 100 atm, the + reaction forms mainly methylamine. At sufficiently high temperature, H‐abstraction to form + NH and addition–elimination to form + H become competitive. The + NH reaction, with a rate constant close to collision frequency, forms + H, also leading into the hydrocarbon amine pool. Thus, methylamine can be expected to be an important intermediate in co‐combustion of natural gas and ammonia, and more work on the chemistry of is desirable.

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Comprehensive kinetic study on ammonia/ethylene counter-flow diffusion flames: influences of diluents

Shu,

Xu,

Xiao

et al. 2024

Int J Coal Sci Technol

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This study aimed to investigate the effects of ammonia addition on ethylene counter-flow diffusion flames with different diluents on the fuel or oxidizer side, using kinetic analyses. A special emphasis was put on assessing the coupled chemical effects of NH3 and CO2 on C2H4 combustion chemistry. The chemical effects could be evaluated by comparing fictitious inert NH3 or CO2 with normal active NH3 or CO2. The results revealed that the addition of NH3 decreased the mole fractions and production rates of key soot precursors, such as acetylene, propynyl, and benzene. When CO2 was used as the dilution gas, the coupled chemical effects of NH3 and CO2 were affected by the chemical effects of CO2 to varying degrees. With the oxidizer-side CO2 addition, the coupled chemical effects of NH3 and CO2 reduced the mole fractions of H, O, OH radicals, acetylene, propynyl, and benzene, while the effects differed from the fuel-side CO2 addition. The coupled chemical effects of NH3 and CO2 also promoted the formation of aldehyde contaminants, such as acetaldehyde, to some extent, particularly with CO2 addition on the oxidizer side.

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Experimental and modeling study on the auto-ignition properties of ammonia/methane mixtures at elevated pressures

Cited by 70 publications

References 30 publications

Review on Ammonia as a Potential Fuel: From Synthesis to Economics

Review on Ammonia as a Potential Fuel: From Synthesis to Economics

Decomposition of CH3NH2${\rm CH}_3{\rm NH}_2$: Implications for CHx/NHy${\rm CH}_{\rm {\it x}}/{\rm NH}_{\rm {\it y}}$ radical–radical reactions

Comprehensive kinetic study on ammonia/ethylene counter-flow diffusion flames: influences of diluents

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