Experimental and model enhancement of food waste hydrothermal liquefaction with combined effects of biochemical composition and reaction conditions

Characterization of biofuel production from hydrothermal treatment of hyperaccumulator waste (Pteris vittata L.) in sub- and supercritical water

“…Biobased feedstocks, including food crops, agricultural and forestry by-products, municipal wastes and algae biomass have been considered as some of the most potential energy sources to supplement conventional fossil fuel and valuable chemical feedstocks. [1][2][3] As a special type of lignocellulosic biomass with carbon-rich substances, hyperaccumulator biomass, which is used for the phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil, has attracted signicant attention regarding its effective reutilization and reasonable disposal due to the large and annually increasing amount generated. 4,5 The efficient management and conversion of these hyperaccumulator wastes into series and high value of fuels and chemicals through appropriate process are urgently desiderate.…”

Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Food Waste: Effect of Process Parameters on Product Yields and Chemistry

“…At 295 • C, bio-crude oil yield decreased continually with longer reaction time. Aierzhati et al (2019) reported that bio-crude oil yield from food waste increased with reaction times from 0 to 40 min, but plateaued beyond 60 min. In another study, bio-crude oil yield decreased from 20 to 15% when the reaction time was increased from 15 to 30 min (Anastasakis and Ross, 2011).…”

“…In another study, addition of inexpensive red mud and red clay catalysts to HTL of food waste at 300 • C for 1 h increased the biocrude oil yield and promoted the thermal reaction rate; similar families of molecules in bio-crude oil with and without catalysts were observed (Cheng et al, 2020c). Model compounds have been studied to understand their effects on bio-crude oil yield and physicochemical and thermal properties (Aierzhati et al, 2019;Chen et al, 2019b). HTL temperature showed a strong effect on bio-crude oil yield and properties during HTL of fruit peel at 300-350 • C and 30-120 min; the bio-crude oil yield obtained at 350 • C was relatively low .…”

“…A major limitation in previous studies for the characterization of bio-crude oil chemistry is the dependence on gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC/MS), which is not able to detect many of the compounds in bio-crude oil (Aierzhati et al, 2019;Chen et al, 2019a;Marx et al, 2020). High-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) has been employed to characterize highly complex samples like fossil fuels (Shi et al, 2010), algal HTL bio-crude oil (Cheng et al, 2019), pyrolysis bio-oil (Palacio Lozano et al, 2020, and natural resin (Vahur et al, 2012;Cheng et al, 2020b).…”

Food‐processing wastes

“…At high temperatures just below the supercritical point of water to prevent the oxidation of FW, hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) can convert categorized food residues into bio‐crude oil in 10–60 min (Aierzhati et al, 2019). The authors reported that at the temperatures tested (280–380°C), nearly 80% bio‐crude oil was produced in batch reactors that were operated for 10–60 min at pressures ranging from 1.2 MPa to 11.0 MPa, using a 20% feed solution, and were able to develop a predictive model for crude oil production.…”