Experimental and life cycle assessment analysis of gas emission from mechanically–biologically pretreated waste in a landfill with energy recovery

Life cycle analysis of incineration compared to anaerobic digestion followed by composting for managing organic waste: the influence of system components for an Italian district

“…Among the different components of municipal solid waste (MSW), if not properly managed, the organic fraction (OF) is one of the most relevant, both in terms of quantity and of potential pollutant emissions (Di Maria et al 2013a). Depending on the intensity of source segregation (SS) and on the features of the collection area, OF can represent from 15 up to 40 % w/w of the whole MSW generated (Buttol et al 2007;Cherubini et al 2009;Di Maria et al 2013a;Di Maria and Micale 2013).…”

“…Depending on the intensity of source segregation (SS) and on the features of the collection area, OF can represent from 15 up to 40 % w/w of the whole MSW generated (Buttol et al 2007;Cherubini et al 2009;Di Maria et al 2013a;Di Maria and Micale 2013). The EU Landfill Directive of April 1999 (99/31/EC) imposes a mandatory stepwise reduction of the biodegradable fraction going directly to landfills of 25, 50, and 65 %, respectively, by 2006, 2009, and 2016.…”

“…AD generated renewable energy and returned the OF as digestate, which was then mechanically separated into liquid and solid fractions. The solid fraction was processed aerobically to recover an organic fertilizer (DI Maria et al 2013a), whereas the liquid fraction was processed in a waste water treatment plant (WWTP) because of the impossibility of using this type of liquid digestate as fertilizer in the area considered. On the basis of these management schemes, the foregrounds of the systems were as follows: electrical energy generated by incineration and AD, liquid, solid and gaseous emissions from incineration, AD, composting and WCV operating and maintenance, organic fertilizer.…”

Evaluation of Biodegradability of Waste Before and After Aerobic Treatment

“…In Poland and other European countries the European Union Council imposed directive 1999/31/EC on reducing the amount of easily-biodegradable organic waste deposited at landfills [3]. In these countries it has been scheduled to reduce the amount of landfilled organic waste by: 25% by 2010, 50% by 2013 and 65% by 2020, in comparison with the quantity of waste produced in 1995 [3,5]. The reduction of organic fraction of municipal solid waste (MSW) directed into the landfill can be achieved in the following ways [17]:…”

“…• Pretreated mechanical-biological treatment (MBT) to reduce its reactivity and mass before being disposed into a landfill [5]. According to the 2010 National Waste Management Plan adopted in Poland the mechanical-biological treatment of MSW is recommended as a method appropriate for agglomerations with upto 300 000 residents.…”