Experimental and kinetic study on the laminar burning velocities of NH3 mixing with CH3OH and C2H5OH in premixed flames

Wang, Zhihua; Han, Xinlu; He, Yong; Zhu, Runfan; Zhu, Yanqun; Zhou, Zhijun; Cen, Kefa

doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2021.02.038

Cited by 115 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…It is possible to note that the addition of H 2 or CH 4 (Han et al, 2019), and CH 3 OH or C 2 H 5 OH (Wang et al, 2021) notably increases the NH 3 laminar burning velocity. For instance, H 2 (rhombus), CH 4 (dot), and alcohols (squares) increase the ammonia S L almost equally up to a relative concentration of 20%.…”

Section: Nh 3 Chemical and Physical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Common strategies to improve NH 3 oxidation properties rely on the use of fuel "enhancers," such as H 2 , CH 4 , syngas, and other conventional or e-fuels (Pfahl et al, 2000;Okafor et al, 2018;Han et al, 2019;Lubrano Lavadera et al, 2020;Wang et al, 2020;Wang et al, 2021;Ariemma et al, 2022), in compliance with energy production decarbonization strategies, or modifying the environmental atmosphere toward O 2 -enriched conditions. H 2 can also be produced directly through NH 3 partial catalysis (Li et al, 2014) techniques, prior to the injection in combustion systems.…”

Section: Nh 3 Chemical and Physical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, experimental investigations relevant to engines have been realized also for NH 3 /H 2 (He et al, 2019;Chen et al, 2021), NH 3 /CH 4 (Dai et al, 2020;Xiao et al, 2020;Arunthanayothin et al, 2021;Shu et al, 2021), NH 3 /diesel (Feng et al, 2020), NH 3 / n-heptane (Yu et al, 2020), NH 3 /DEE (Issayev et al, 2021), and NH 3 /CH 3 OH and C 2 H 5 OH (Wang et al, 2021) blends as strategies to improve the laminar flame speed/ignition delay times of NH 3 .…”

Section: Nh 3 Oxidation Chemical Kinetic Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ammonia as Green Fuel in Internal Combustion Engines: State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives

et al. 2022

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Ammonia (NH3) is among the largest-volume chemicals produced and distributed in the world and is mainly known for its use as a fertilizer in the agricultural sector. In recent years, it has sparked interest in the possibility of working as a high-quality energy carrier and as a carbon-free fuel in internal combustion engines (ICEs). This review aimed to provide an overview of the research on the use of green ammonia as an alternative fuel for ICEs with a look to the future on possible applications and practical solutions to related problems. First of all, the ammonia production process is discussed. Present ammonia production is not a “green” process; the synthesis occurs starting from gaseous hydrogen currently produced from hydrocarbons. Some ways to produce green ammonia are reviewed and discussed. Then, the chemical and physical properties of ammonia as a fuel are described and explained in order to identify the main pros and cons of its use in combustion systems. Then, the most viable solutions for fueling internal combustion engines with ammonia are discussed. When using pure ammonia, high boost pressure and compression ratio are required to compensate for the low ammonia flame speed. In spark-ignition engines, adding hydrogen to ammonia helps in speeding up the flame front propagation and stabilizing the combustion. In compression-ignition engines, ammonia can be successfully used in dual-fuel mode with diesel. On the contrary, an increase in NOx and the unburned NH3 at the exhaust require the installation of apposite aftertreatment systems. Therefore, the use of ammonia seems to be more practicable for marine or stationary engine application where space constraints are not a problem. In conclusion, this review points out that ammonia has excellent potential to play a significant role as a sustainable fuel for the future in both retrofitted and new engines. However, significant further research and development activities are required before being able to consider large-scale industrial production of green ammonia. Moreover, uncertainties remain about ammonia safe and effective use and some technical issues need to be addressed to overcome poor combustion properties for utilization as a direct substitute for standard fuels.

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Section: Nh 3 Chemical and Physical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Nh 3 Chemical and Physical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nh 3 Oxidation Chemical Kinetic Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ammonia as Green Fuel in Internal Combustion Engines: State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives

et al. 2022

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“…The maximum mole fraction of NO x occurred under fuel lean conditions, which is similar to that of ammonia/air flames. Wang et al also found that the NO concentration in exhaust gas was non-monotonically changed with equivalence ratios and hydrogen mole ratio, because the competition between the effects by the reduction of N-atom and the enrichment of H/O radicals when hydrogen is added to ammonia flame (Wang et al, 2021b). Lee et al also found that both NO x and N 2 O emissions are low in fuel rich condition when compared to those under lean conditions (Lee et al, 2010).…”

Section: No X Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Combustion Characteristics of Ammonia as a Carbon-Free Fuel

Lai

Chen

et al. 2021

Front. Energy Res.

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A comprehensive review of combustion characteristics of ammonia (NH3) as a carbon free fuel is presented. NH3 is an attractive alternative fuel candidate to reduce the consumption of fossil fuel and the emission of CO2, soot, and hydrocarbon pollutants, due to its comparable combustion properties, productivities from renewable sources, and storage and transportation by current commercial infrastructure. However, the combustion properties of NH3 are quite different from conventional hydrocarbon fuels, which highlight the specific difficulties during the application of NH3. Therefore, this paper presents comparative experimental and numerical studies of the application of NH3 as a fuel during combustion process, including the combustion properties of laminar burning velocity, flame structures, pollutant emissions for the application of NH3 as a carbon free fuel. This paper presents the burning velocity and pollutant emissions of NH3 alone and mixtures with other fuels to improve the combustion properties. The aim of this paper is to review and describe the suitability of NH3 as a fuel, including the combustion and emission characteristics of NH3 during its combustion process.

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“…The results showed that the NH 3 /CH 3 OH/air mixtures become more reactive with increasing CH 3 OH addition, and autoignition is promoted through different reaction pathways. Wang et al 27 obtained the LBVs of NH 3 /CH 3 OH/air mixtures at 1 atm covering temperatures between 298 and 448 K and found that CH 3 OH facilitates the LBV of NH 3 /air flame more prominently than CH 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explosion Characteristics of NH₃/CH₃OH/Air Mixtures

et al. 2022

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In this work, the explosive combustion of NH3/CH3OH/air mixtures covering wide ranges of equivalence ratios (0.7–1.7) and CH3OH mole fractions (0.2–1.0) was investigated experimentally and theoretically at ambient temperature and pressure. Results showed that the addition of CH3OH increases the maximum explosion pressure and maximum pressure rise rate. The empirical correlations for the maximum explosion pressure and maximum pressure rise rate are proposed, respectively. Furthermore, the heat loss of the explosion decreases significantly with the increasing CH3OH mole fraction. According to the instability analysis, the tendency of flame instability is enhanced with the enrichment of CH3OH due to the promoted hydrodynamic instability. Besides, the maximum pressure rise rate is augmented by flame instability. Kinetic analysis indicates that the CH3OH addition enhances the net heat release rate and active radicals. The total heat release of the NH3/CH3OH/air explosion is mainly attributed to the reactions R3: OH + H2 ⇔ H + H2O, R11: HO2 + H ⇔ 2OH, R24: CO + OH ⇔ CO2 + H, and R284: NH3 + H = NH2 + H2, while the predominant endothermal reaction is R1: H + O2 ⇔ O + OH. With the addition of CH3OH, the chemical effect has the largest contributions to the accelerated flame propagation on the lean and stoichiometric side, while the contributions of thermal and transport effects are dominant on the rich side.

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Experimental and kinetic study on the laminar burning velocities of NH3 mixing with CH3OH and C2H5OH in premixed flames

Cited by 115 publications

References 51 publications

Ammonia as Green Fuel in Internal Combustion Engines: State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives

Ammonia as Green Fuel in Internal Combustion Engines: State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives

A Review on Combustion Characteristics of Ammonia as a Carbon-Free Fuel

Explosion Characteristics of NH₃/CH₃OH/Air Mixtures

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Experimental and kinetic study on the laminar burning velocities of NH3 mixing with CH3OH and C2H5OH in premixed flames

Cited by 115 publications

References 51 publications

Ammonia as Green Fuel in Internal Combustion Engines: State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives

Ammonia as Green Fuel in Internal Combustion Engines: State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives

A Review on Combustion Characteristics of Ammonia as a Carbon-Free Fuel

Explosion Characteristics of NH3/CH3OH/Air Mixtures

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Product

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Explosion Characteristics of NH₃/CH₃OH/Air Mixtures