Experimental and Immunoinformatic Studies Revealed an Enhanced Immune Responses of Recombinant Hepatitis B Vaccine on Eggshell Membrane Adjuvant

Joshua, Parker Elijah; Ilo, Charity Chinyere; Ukachukwu, Uzochukwu Gospel; Odimegwu, Damian Chukwu; Asomadu, Rita Onyekachukwu; Ezeorba, Timothy Prince Chidike

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3808433

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“…For decades the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the use of aluminum-containing adjuvants (alums) for primary human vaccination due to their excellent track record of safety, low cost, and application with a variety of antigens. However, alums have some limitations, especially in the vaccination with recombinant protein and small peptides [ 6 ]. Alums have been implicated in recent studies with some local reactions, zero effectiveness to some recombinant antigenic vaccines, and poor stimulatory effects to some cell-mediated immune responses, such as cytotoxic T-cell responses [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Could eggshell membrane be an adjuvant for recombinant Hepatitis B vaccine?: A preliminary investigation

et al. 2023

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Background Despite the invasiveness of the Hepatitis B infection, its vaccines are only formulated with FDA-approved alum-based adjuvants, which poorly elicit a lasting immune response, hence the need for a more effective adjuvant system. This study evaluated the immunogenicity and toxicity of eggshell membranes (ESM) when administered as an adjuvant for the recombinant HBV vaccine (rHBsAg) in albino mice. Differential white blood cell analysis, as well as the titer measurement of Immunoglobulin G, subclass G1 and G2a on indirect ELISA, was performed to measure the immune-modulatory potentials of ESM. Moreover, analysis of the liver marker enzyme (AST and ALT) and body/liver weights was performed to ascertain the toxicity level of ESM. Finally, Immuno-informatic analysis was used to investigate the immune-modulatory potential of individual member proteins of ESM. Results Our results showed a significant improvement in the experimental group's lymphocyte count after boost-dose administration compared to the controls, whereas there was no significant change in the granulocyte population. Furthermore, the formulations (ESM-rHBsAg) significantly improved IgG and IgG1 titers after each successive immunization. Body/liver weight and liver function showed ESM non-toxic to mice. The immunoinformatic analysis discovered ovalbumin, lysozyme-C, and UFM-1 as the member proteins of ESM with immune-modulatory activities of activating antigen-presenting cells (APC). Conclusion This study has provided a clue into the potential valorization of eggshell membranes and their peptides as an adjuvant for vaccines such as HBV. We recommend more in-depth molecular analysis to support our findings as well as foster real-life application.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%