Experimental and finite element analysis of ballistic properties of composite armor made of alumina, carbon and UHMWPE

Abstract

The performance of multi‐layer ceramic/composite ballistic armor consisting of Alumina, Carbon fiber, and Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) under the impact of 7.62 × 51 M61 caliber armor‐piercing (AP) bullets was examined by experimental and finite element methods. The alumina ceramic thickness used in the experiments is 12 mm. The composite structure thickness used in all samples is 10 mm. Explicit dynamic analyses were also conducted using the Ls‐Dyna to verify the experimental studies. The analysis results were compared with experimental studies and evaluated by considering the damage status of the bullet and armor. According to ballistic test results, partial penetration was observed in all armor produced. The front ceramic layer caused corrosion of the bullet, and a mushrooming effect occurred on it. The carbon fiber layer has dramatically helped as an alternative or support to UHMWPE. Since the results obtained with the carbon fiber ratios used remain within the standards, it will not pose a problem regarding usage. On the contrary, using carbon fiber, which is relatively easier to produce and supply than UHMWPE and more economically suitable, will provide more significant benefits. Experimental and numerical studies have revealed consistent results for all armors.Highlights The effect of a 7.62 × 51 armor‐piercing bullet on ceramic/composite armor was examined. Carbon fiber and UHMWPE hybrid structure was created in different thicknesses. The carbon fiber layer has dramatically helped as an alternative or support to UHMWPE. Using carbon fiber, which is relatively easier to produce and supply than UHMWPE and is more economically suitable. Experimental and numerical studies have revealed consistent results for all armors.