Experimental and finite element analysis of a tennis ball impact on a rigid surface

Goodwill, Simon; Kirk, R. G.; Haake, Steve

doi:10.1007/bf02844015

Cited by 43 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The horizontal and vertical planes are defined as being parallel and normal to the face of the stringbed, respectively. The vertical force shows a nonlinear rising portion because (1) the internal pressure of a ball increases with deformation [11] and (2) the tangential stiffness of the stringbed increases with contact area and displacement [14]. The initial horizontal force was negative which means that the force was acting in the opposite direction to the horizontal motion of the ball.…”

Section: In-depth Analysis Of An Oblique Spinning Impactmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The reduction in the mass and the increase in the structural stiffness of tennis rackets, dating from 1870s to 2007, have allowed serve speeds to increase by approximately 17.5% and the reaction time available to the receiver to reduce by approximately 15% [6]. Finite element (FE) techniques have been used by previous authors to further the scientific understanding of tennis equipment [7][8][9][10][11]. An earlier FE model by Allen et al [7] was successfully validated as a good approximation of a head-clamped tennis racket for oblique spinning impacts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The freely suspended racket model will be an extension of the headclamped racket model produced by Allen et al [7] in ANSYS/LS-Dyna 10.0. ANSYS/LS-Dyna is an Explicit FE solver which can be applied to a variety of different impact scenarios, including sporting applications [11,[20][21][22]. The frame of the freely suspended racket will have the capacity to displace and deform during an impact with the ball.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of a finite element model of a tennis racket to experimental data

2009

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Modern tennis rackets are manufactured from composite materials with high stiffness-to-weight ratios. In this paper, a finite element (FE) model was constructed to simulate an impact of a tennis ball on a freely suspended racket. The FE model was in good agreement with experimental data collected in a laboratory. The model showed racket stiffness to have no influence on the rebound characteristics of the ball, when simulating oblique spinning impacts at the geometric stringbed centre. The rebound velocity and topspin of the ball increased with the resultant impact velocity. It is likely that the maximum speed at which a player can swing a racket will increase as the moment of inertia (swingweight) decreases. Therefore, a player has the capacity to hit the ball faster, and with more topspin, when using a racket with a low swingweight.

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Section: In-depth Analysis Of An Oblique Spinning Impactmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of a finite element model of a tennis racket to experimental data

2009

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“…Tennis equipment manufacturers must also have an in-depth understanding of how design changes will affect the performance of a particular racket. One way of doing this is through Finite element (FE) models which have been used by previous authors to further the understanding of sports equipment [7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. A previous FE model by Allen et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validated dynamic analysis of real sports equipment using finite element; a case study using tennis rackets

Allen

Hart

Spurr

et al. 2010

Procedia Engineering

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An explicit finite element (FE) model of a tennis ball impact on a freely suspended racket was produced in Ansys/LS-DYNA 10.0. The geometry for the racket frame was reproduced in the FE model using a non-contact laser scanner. The model was validated against experimental data obtained using the fully automated International Tennis Federation Racket Power Machine. The root mean squared error between the model and experimental data was 1 m·s -1 for the rebound velocity of the ball for typical velocities of over 40 m·s -1 . The method can be applied to different rackets and other sports equipment to determine rapidly the performance characteristics of new designs.

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“…Knowledge of the impact conditions enables replication of typical impact conditions in the laboratory. Previous efforts to understand the behaviour of the ball core in isolation has focused, almost exclusively, on normal impacts with a rigid surface as a means of validating finite element (FE) simulations [3][4][5][6][7]. These simulations require characterisation of the mechanical behaviour of the rubber compound to predict the behaviour of the modelled ball core.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Strain and Strain Rate during the Impact of Tennis Ball Cores

Lane

Sherratt

et al. 2018

Applied Sciences

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Abstract:The aim of this investigation was to establish the strains and strain rates experienced by tennis ball cores during impact to inform material characterisation testing and finite element modelling. Three-dimensional surface strains and strain rates were measured using two high-speed video cameras and corresponding digital image correlation software (GOM Correlate Professional). The results suggest that material characterisation testing to a maximum strain of 0.4 and a maximum rate of 500 s −1 in tension and to a maximum strain of −0.4 and a maximum rate of −800 s −1 in compression would encapsulate the demands placed on the material during impact and, in turn, define the range of properties required to encapsulate the behavior of the material during impact, enabling testing to be application-specific and strain-rate-dependent properties to be established and incorporated in finite element models.

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Experimental and finite element analysis of a tennis ball impact on a rigid surface

Cited by 43 publications

References 8 publications

Comparison of a finite element model of a tennis racket to experimental data

Comparison of a finite element model of a tennis racket to experimental data

Validated dynamic analysis of real sports equipment using finite element; a case study using tennis rackets

Measurement of Strain and Strain Rate during the Impact of Tennis Ball Cores

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