Experimental and computational investigation of reduced graphene oxide nanoplatelets stabilized in poly(styrene sulfonate) sodium salt

Abstract

The production of large area interfaces and the use of scalable methods to build-up designed nanostructures generating advanced functional properties are of high interest for many materials science applications. Nevertheless, large area coverage remains a major problem for pristine graphene and here we present a hybrid, composite graphene-like material soluble in water, which can be exploited in many areas, such as energy storage, electrodes fabrication, selective membranes and biosensing. Graphene oxide (GO) was produced by the traditional Hummers´ method being further reduced in the presence of poly(styrene sulfonate) sodium salt (PSS), thus creating stable reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanoplateles wrapped by PSS (GPSS).Molecular dynamics simulations were carried out ot further clarify the interactions between PSS molecules and rGO nanoplatelets, with calculations supported by FTIR analysis. The intermolecular forces between rGO nanoplatelets and PSS lead to the formation of a hybrid material (GPSS) stabilized by van der Waals forces, allowing the fabrication of high quality layer-by-layer (LbL) films with polyalillamine hydrochloride (PAH). Raman and electrical characterizations corroborated the successful modifications in the electronic structures from GO to GPSS after the chemical treatment, resulting in (PAH/GPSS) LbL films four orders of magnitude more conductive than (PAH/GO).

Self-Healing E-tongue

“…Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and functionalized following the method described by de Andrade et al in order to obtain a homogeneous dispersion in water at 1 mg/mL. Reduced graphene oxides (rGOs) forming stable suspensions in water were chemically produced by known methods . Briefly, graphene oxide (GO) is chemically reduced in the presence of poly­(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) or poly­(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH), thus producing rGO nanoplatlets wrapped by PEDOT:PSS (Gpedot) or rGO nanoplatelets wrapped by PAH molecules (GPAH).…”

“…The rGOs used in this work were already well characterized by us in previous work. − Here, Raman analyses were performed in an HR Micro-Raman Horiba, using an excitation wavelength of 633 nm (1.95 eV). The as-synthesized AuNRs were characterized by ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) absorption spectroscopy performed with a PerkinElmer (Lambda 900) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) made in a TEM Libra 120 (Carl Zeiss) equipped with an omega filter in-column, operated at 120 kV, and with LaB6 thermionic emission.…”

Noncovalent Graphene Oxide Functionalized with Ionic Liquid: Theoretical, Isotherm, Kinetics, and Regeneration Studies on the Adsorption of Pharmaceuticals

“…System Setup. A 1 × 1 nm 2 graphene sheet was generated from VMD 1.9.2, 39 and thereafter, GO was modified from graphene based on a literature guide 40 and experimental observation. Provided in the Supporting Information are the 3D representations of the modeled GO (Section S1).…”

Layer-by-Layer Films of Graphene Nanoplatelets and Gold Nanoparticles for Methyl Parathion Sensing

“…Graphite was preoxidized as described in refs and . Briefly, 5 g of graphite was added to a mixture of 7.5 mL of H 2 SO 4 , 2.5 g of K 2 S 2 O 8 , and 2.5 g of P 2 O 5 (at 80 °C) and cooled down until room temperature.…”

“…The mixture was dripped in a PDDA suspension (30 g L –1 ) under vigorous stirring. Hydrazine sulfate (0.05 g L –1 ) was added and kept under reflux at 90 °C for 12 h. The PSS-stabilized graphene nanoplatelets (GPSS) were prepared as in Miyazaki et al, , with 250 mL of 1.0 mg mL –1 GO aqueous suspension being sonicated for 30 min, and 2.5 g of PSS was added under vigorous stirring. After addition of 0.3255 g of hydrazine the mixture was kept at 90 °C under reflux for 12 h. Both GPDDA and GPSS were vacuum-filtrated and dried in a vacuum oven at 90 °C.…”