Experimental and application of continuous regeneration of waste rubber

To investigate the potential effect of the pyrolytic carbon black (CBp) and pyrolytic heavy oil (HO), we incorporated them into styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR) as reinforcing filler and plasticizing agent, respectively. Since the industrial N330 CB's specific surface area and other specifications adhere to the CBp standard, it has been selected as a benchmark. To test HO's applicability, conventional (AO) was substituted with it. We experimented with the N330 and CBp in the 1/1 variant. We examined the impacts on the cure behavior, physical characteristics such as density and hardness, mechanical properties, abrasion resistance, dynamic mechanical performance, and thermal properties of the filled SBR composites. According to field emission (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs, the increased tensile and tear strength is due to N330 black's superior dispersion over CBp in the rubber matrix. Better dispersion in N330 type CB is also justified by lower tan δmax from the dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) study. Utilizing HO changes the curing conditions since it comprises more sulfur, which accelerates the formation of sulfur–sulfur cross‐links. Increased tensile and tear strengths, as well as improved dispersion in the rubber matrix, have been seen with the combined use of N330 and CBp. Meanwhile, HO could function well in place of commercially available AOs.Highlights The impact of scrap tires on human health and the environment is explored. Recovered carbon black (CB) from waste tire mixed with styrene‐butadiene rubber in various ratios. Pyrolytic oil is also incorporated to check its reusability in tire formulation. Similar cure characteristics and mechanical strength were found in the composites. Replacement of the conventional CB is proposed with recovered black.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of tire‐derived pyrolytic carbon black and pyrolytic heavy oil on the curing and mechanical properties of styrene‐butadiene rubber composites

Paul

Rahaman²,

Ghosh

et al. 2023

“…[7][8][9][10] Consequently, finding environmentally friendly solutions for managing waste rubber has become a global issue. 11,12 Theoretically, the optimal approach to regenerating waste rubber involves efficiently breaking crosslink bonds (C S and S S) while maximizing the retention of main chains (C C), resulting in reclaimed rubber with minimal or no crosslinking. 13 Blending reclaimed rubber with fresh rubber for reuse as a raw material is an effective strategy for achieving the recycling and utilization of waste rubber.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, the production process of this method entails substantial environmental pollution. 12,18 To realize environmentally friendly waste rubber regeneration, several methods have been developed, including microbial, 19,20 microwave, [21][22][23] grinding, [24][25][26][27] twin-screw, 28,29 and supercritical 30,31 techniques. Unfortunately, these methods are difficult to popularize on a large scale due to their shortcomings such as low efficiency and high cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Experimental and application of waste rubber low‐temperature green regeneration through ultrasound‐assisted method

Cheng,

Liu,

Wang

2023

Self Cite

Combining a traditional mixer and a custom‐built ultrasonic generator, low‐temperature green regeneration of waste rubber was realized. Through orthogonal experiments, the optimal process parameters for the low‐temperature green regeneration through the ultrasound‐assisted (LTGRTUA) method were explored. Results showed that the self‐developed reclaimed rubber exhibited the best performance under the following conditions: rotor speed of 70 rpm, regeneration temperature of 85°C, ultrasonic power of 700 W, and ultrasonic loading time of 240 s. Additionally, the bond‐breaking types of the reclaimed rubber were evaluated through the measurements of sol fraction and desulfurization rate, as well as by using the Horikx curve. The self‐developed reclaimed rubber showed better retention of the main chain structure of waste rubber compared to the commercially reclaimed rubber which was prepared by the traditional vulcanization tank high‐temperature regeneration (TVTHTR) method. Moreover, blending experiments were conducted, in which different proportions of the reclaimed rubber replaced natural rubber (NR) for the purpose of producing tread rubber for radial tires. Performance tests of the final products revealed that the self‐developed reclaimed rubber performed better than commercially reclaimed rubber, which provides an effective basis for the subsequent industrial application and promotion.Highlights Low‐temperature green regeneration of waste rubber was realized by the LTGRTUA method. The main chain structure of waste rubber is well preserved by the LTGRTUA method. The self‐developed reclaimed rubber has better properties and industrial application prospects.

A comprehensive review on polystyrene/waste rubber blends: Effective parameters on mechanical properties

Khoubi‐Arani

2024

Polystyrene (PS), as a commercial thermoplastic polymer, suffers from brittleness at low temperatures. Blending with elastomers can resolve this defect. In this regard, waste rubbers from tires, shoes, and other sources are promising candidates for some applications. This approach of waste rubber recycling is an environmental‐friendly and economical method to produce value‐added products. This work aims to comprehensively review all reported cases regarding PS (or high‐impact polystyrene, HIPS, and expanded polystyrene, EPS)/waste rubber blends. The influences of different parameters on the mechanical properties were carefully summarized, including mixing conditions (temperature, mixing time, rotor speed, and mixing sequence), rubber content, rubber particle size, compatibilizer addition, rubber devulcanization, and surface treatment of rubber. Some parameters had a negligible effect on the mechanical properties, such as the rotor speed in the mixing process, while significant influences were observed for some parameters, such as rubber content. The effect of some parameters was remarkable only at low or high rubber loading, such as particle size and solvent‐inducing surface treatment of rubber, respectively. Finally, the effects of aforementioned parameters on tensile and impact strengths were compared and recommendations for future research in this field were suggested.Highlights All reported research regarding PS/waste rubber blends was comprehensively reviewed. All different factors influencing mechanical properties were carefully summarized. The effects of different factors on tensile and impact strengths were compared.