Experimental analysis with grey relational analysis–analytic hierarchy process‐based hybrid optimization to analyze the effect of graphene nanoparticle reinforced ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene/n‐HAp for hip joint

Abstract

Ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is utilized in hip joints because of its high impact strength, outstanding fracture resistance, near‐zero moisture absorption, superior chemical inertness, and lower coefficient of friction than other polymers. However, because of the high melt viscosity of UHMWPE, the melt state approach gives unsatisfactory mechanical strength results. In this research, composite materials are fabricated by heat‐assisted compression molding having graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) used as a filler material in a composition of (UHMWPE + 5 wt% hydroxyapatite nanoparticles) at three different wt% ages (i.e., 0, 1, 2, and 3 wt%). Here mechanical characteristics such as flexural, compression, and impact strength measurements according to ISO standards and SEM analysis are used to determine the aggregation of n‐HAp and GNP in UHMWPE. According to the authors' experimental results, biocomposite (with UHMWPE + 5 wt n‐HAp + 1 wt% GNP) has the lowest surface roughness value and excellent mechanical characterization compared to other compositions for hip joint. Flexural and compression strength improve by 25% and 40%, respectively, compared to pure UHMWPE. The multi‐objective optimization based on GRA‐AHP gives a better result at 5 wt% of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and 1 wt% graphene nanoparticle reinforced in UHMWPE compared to other alternative materials.

Construction of core–shell‐structured halloysite nanotubes with TiO2 nanoparticles for ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) nanocomposites with improved wear resistance

“…[1][2][3][4] Among them, it is a simple and effective way to incorporate nanofillers to optimize the structure and properties of UHMWPE. [5][6][7] Pang et al discovered that the incorporation of a small quantity of graphene oxide (GO) greatly decreased the wear rate and lowered the friction coefficient of UHMWPE composites by reducing the plastic deformation of polymer chains. 8 Liu et al demonstrated that boron carbide particles could reduce the shear damage and improve the wear resistance of UHMWPE during friction.…”

“…To obtain improved mechanical and wear resistance for UHMWPE, various strategies have been proposed and developed, including surface coating, cross‐linking, irradiation, and blend modification 1–4 . Among them, it is a simple and effective way to incorporate nanofillers to optimize the structure and properties of UHMWPE 5–7 . Pang et al discovered that the incorporation of a small quantity of graphene oxide (GO) greatly decreased the wear rate and lowered the friction coefficient of UHMWPE composites by reducing the plastic deformation of polymer chains 8 .…”