“…e former corresponds to the area enclosed by a hysteretic loop, while the h e coefficient corresponds to the ratio of E-hy to the elastic energy under the same peak load. e two measures can be obtained for the three levels of vertical load according to (1) and Figure 9(a) [29]. It can be seen from Figures 9(b) and 9(c) that…”
In traditional Chinese timber structures, few tie beams were used between columns, and the column base was placed directly on a stone base. In order to study the hysteretic behavior of such structures, a full-scale model was established. e model size was determined according to the requirements of an eighth grade material system specified in the architectural treatise Ying-zao-fa-shi written during the Song Dynasty. In light of the vertical lift and drop of the test model during horizontal reciprocating motions, the horizontal low-cycle reciprocating loading experiments were conducted using a synchronous loading technique. By analyzing the load-displacement hysteresis curves, envelope curves, deformation capacity, energy dissipation, and change in stiffness under different vertical loads, it is found that the timber frame exhibits obvious signs of self-restoring and favorable plastic deformation capacity. As the horizontal displacement increases, the equivalent viscous damping coefficient generally declines first and then increases. At the same time, the stiffness degrades rapidly first and then decreases slowly. Increasing vertical loading will improve the deformation, energy-dissipation capacity, and stiffness of the timber frame.
“…e former corresponds to the area enclosed by a hysteretic loop, while the h e coefficient corresponds to the ratio of E-hy to the elastic energy under the same peak load. e two measures can be obtained for the three levels of vertical load according to (1) and Figure 9(a) [29]. It can be seen from Figures 9(b) and 9(c) that…”
In traditional Chinese timber structures, few tie beams were used between columns, and the column base was placed directly on a stone base. In order to study the hysteretic behavior of such structures, a full-scale model was established. e model size was determined according to the requirements of an eighth grade material system specified in the architectural treatise Ying-zao-fa-shi written during the Song Dynasty. In light of the vertical lift and drop of the test model during horizontal reciprocating motions, the horizontal low-cycle reciprocating loading experiments were conducted using a synchronous loading technique. By analyzing the load-displacement hysteresis curves, envelope curves, deformation capacity, energy dissipation, and change in stiffness under different vertical loads, it is found that the timber frame exhibits obvious signs of self-restoring and favorable plastic deformation capacity. As the horizontal displacement increases, the equivalent viscous damping coefficient generally declines first and then increases. At the same time, the stiffness degrades rapidly first and then decreases slowly. Increasing vertical loading will improve the deformation, energy-dissipation capacity, and stiffness of the timber frame.
“…Research findings have revealed the unique role of the hysteresis curves in reflecting the seismic behaviour of wood frame [19][20][21]. Using the data acquired from the tests, the force-displacement (P-Δ) hysteresis curves for two wood frame models, one with a unilaterally and another with a circumferentially damaged column foot, were obtained as shown in Figures 9 and 10, respectively.…”
Timber buildings might incur damages after a long service, because column foot damage affects the structural performance under the continued use. In this paper, six straight-tenon joint wood frame specimens were prepared with varying degrees of two different damage conditions at a scale of 1 : 3.52. To obtain failure mode and hysteresis performance of the specimens, the low-cycle reciprocating loading test was conducted. The stiffness degradation curves and equivalent viscous damping curves of the damaged wood frames were also analysed. The mechanical characteristics of the wood frames with column foot damage under the low-cycle reciprocating load were then simulated using the finite element method, and the results were compared to the test results. It is determined that as the degree of column foot damage increases, the fullness and peak of the hysteresis curves for wood frames, the equivalent viscous damping coefficients, and the overall seismic behaviour of the wood frame all gradually decrease. The skeleton curves obtained by finite element analysis and tests showed good agreement, verifying the influence of column foot damage on the seismic behaviour of ancient wood frame structures.
“…For this to happen, a fully mechanistic or constitutive understanding of the individual components, sub-assemblies, and their interaction to form a complex structural system is required. In the last few years, various experimental research has been conducted to assess the behavior of different timber-based systems under in-plane horizontal loads [8][9][10][11], and through full-scale shaking tests following different peak acceleration values [3,[12][13][14][15][16]. Those experiments have been crucial for the development of different analytical and numerical models to represent the response of different timber-framed walls and buildings [17][18][19][20], making it possible to enlarge the value of the findings through different parametric studies [21,22].…”
In general, the satisfactory seismic performance of timber buildings can be partially attributed to the material characteristics of the wood itself and to the lightness of its own structure. The aim of this paper is to analyze the in-plane behavior of light timber walls panels through a series of monotonic and cyclic tests, and to evaluate how the sheathing material and the fixation to the base influence the overall response of the wall. Five tests are presented and discussed while the reliability of an analytical method to predict the response of the walls is studied. The sheathing material revealed to be important in the overall response of the wall. Moreover, the type of fixation to the base also revealed to be important in the in-plane response of timber walls. In-plane stiffnesses, static ductility, energy dissipation and damping ratio have been quantified.
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