Experimental Analysis of IoT Networks Based on LoRa/LoRaWAN under Indoor and Outdoor Environments: Performance and Limitations

Saban, Mohamed; Aghzout, Otman; Medus, Leandro D.; Rosado, A.

doi:10.1016/j.ifacol.2021.10.027

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Liang et al showed in 2020 that a concrete building of comparable size to many hospitals (12 floors) could maintain acceptable signal reception at all points of the building from a single LoRaWAN gateway placed at any corner [ 7 ]. Saban et al also showed that a single gateway placed in the corner of a series of large building could service more than one building, and cover all levels [ 8 ]. This type of long distance signal penetration makes LoRaWAN perfect for a low cost system installation, allowing a central processing node to manage and receive transmissions from all beds in the hospital.…”

Section: Methods and System Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Internet-of-Things-Enabled Smart Bed Rail for Application in Hospital Beds

Ould

Guertler

Hanna

et al. 2022

Sensors

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This article presents an atypical offline based LoRaWAN application for use in hospital settings, where the ability to maintain network connectivity during internet connection disruption is paramount. A prototype bed rail is demonstrated, providing advanced functionality compared to traditional bed rails. The manufactured prototype provides data to a nurses station reliably and operates under battery backup. The power consumption of the system under different transmission intervals was tested, allowing appropriate battery sizing for different applications to be specified accurately. It is expected that a single LoRaWAN gateway will be able to cover bed rails across an entire modern hospital, allowing minimal infrastructure cost to implement the device or application in a rapidly deployed field hospital.

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Section: Methods and System Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their experiments showed that, in outdoor urban environments, a distance of 400 m could be achieved with no packet loss. Indoors, a large series of buildings up to four levels was tested with no packet loss [ 8 ].…”

Section: Methods and System Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internet-of-Things-Enabled Smart Bed Rail for Application in Hospital Beds

Ould

Guertler

Hanna

et al. 2022

Sensors

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“…The MAC layer in LoRaWAN enables the communication between LoRa end nodes and gateways, sending sensor data to the cloud. LoRaWAN employs a star topology, meaning that end devices can only communicate with gateways and not with one another [30]. Simultaneously, multiple gateways can be connected to network servers, where application servers can be created for users to monitor and control the status of the payloads.…”

Section: Figure 2 Lorawan Protocol Stack [29]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Implementation of Temperature and Humidity Monitoring System Using LPWAN Technology

Danladi¹,

Baykara²

2022

ISI

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Temperature and humidity monitoring is an integral aspect of human lives and has several applications ranging from greenhouses, laboratories, food industries, server rooms, data centers, and so on. However, the primary technologies that drive these systems suffer from numerous drawbacks such as deployment cost, coverage, and power consumption. This paper aims to employ new and affordable technology, namely low power wide area networks, to implement a temperature and humidity monitoring system (THMS) due to their low cost, low power consumption, and long range in data transmission. A LoRa-based THMS using a Raspberry Pi 3 B+ gateway with a single channel packet forwarder and an Arduino UNO end device with a DHT11 sensor was designed and implemented. After registering the gateway and the end device on The Things Network (TTN), temperature and humidity values of 22.0℃ and 33.0% were recorded by the Arduino serial monitor and the TTN application server. The above implementation clearly shows that sensor values can be effectively transmitted using LoRa and LoRaWAN over long distances with minimal power consumption.

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“…LoRaWAN protocol stack [20] The MAC layer in LoRaWAN facilitates communication between LoRa end devices and the gateways, which further sends the sensor data to the cloud. LoRaWAN utilizes the star topology, meaning that end devices can only communicate with the gateways and not with one another [21]. At the same time, numerous gateways can be linked to the network servers, where the application servers can further be created for users to observe and control the status of the payloads.…”

Section: Lora and Lorawanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Power Wide Area Network Technologies: Open Problems, Challenges, and Potential Applications

Danladi¹,

Baykara²

2022

RCES

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Nowadays, the number of internet of things (IoT) connected devices continues to increase exponentially. However, the core underlying wireless network technologies that enable IoT devices to achieve such growth and wide applications face numerous challenging deployment requirements such as operating range, power consumption, and cost. Low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technologies enable long-distance, low-power, and low data transmission at a low cost. These new wireless technologies shape the IoT ecosystem due to their wide applications. This study aims to review the various features and analyze the performances of the leading LPWANs, namely LoRa, SigFox, NB-IoT, and Weightless. Initially, precise descriptions of their underlying technologies and various applications were provided. Then, several challenges facing the LPWANs and potential solutions were outlined. Finally, the study analyzed their performance against several specifications, including frequency range, Bandwidth, Modulation, and so on. The outcome shows that these technologies are more efficient than the short and medium-range IoT technologies, particularly regarding power, range, and cost. The study’s findings are hoped to provide a guide and eliminate LPWAN technology selection issues.

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Experimental Analysis of IoT Networks Based on LoRa/LoRaWAN under Indoor and Outdoor Environments: Performance and Limitations

Cited by 16 publications

References 10 publications

Internet-of-Things-Enabled Smart Bed Rail for Application in Hospital Beds

Internet-of-Things-Enabled Smart Bed Rail for Application in Hospital Beds

Design and Implementation of Temperature and Humidity Monitoring System Using LPWAN Technology

Low Power Wide Area Network Technologies: Open Problems, Challenges, and Potential Applications

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