“…In the vigorous development of fluid machinery and equipment, gas lubrication technology has been widely used and made great progress and has caused extensive research and discussion (Xu et al, 2022a(Xu et al, , 2022bZhou et al, 2022;Feng, 2021a, 2021b;Kumar et al, 2022aKumar et al, , 2022b. Generally, the micron-sized gas film thickness under lubrication makes the Knudsen number of the model in the slip flow, which makes bearing performance research work focus on the influence of rarefaction effect (Kumar et al, 2022a(Kumar et al, ,2022bXu et al, 2022aXu et al, , 2022b. However, the surface roughness and gas film thickness are at the same micrometer scale (Zhang et al, 2021a(Zhang et al, , 2021b, which makes the surface roughness significantly affects the flow behavior and thermal performance of gas-lubricated bearings as well as the rarefaction effect.…”