Experimental analysis of a cross flow indirect evaporative cooling system

Antonellis, Stefano De; Joppolo, Cesare Maria; Liberati, Paolo; Milani, Samanta; Molinaroli, Luca

doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.03.076

Cited by 69 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…to compute the DB temperature of the supply air T s,db , where T r,db is the DB temperature of the return air and T o,wb is the WB temperature of the outdoor air. The effectiveness of 70% is determined based on typical values in the literature [34,35]. In order to avoid the risk of freezing, the IEC system operates dry in IASE mode.…”

Section: Indirect Evaporative Cooler (Iec)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy and economic assessment of major free cooling retrofits for data centersin Turkey

Gozcu¹,

Erden²

2019

Turk J Elec Eng & Comp Sci

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Mechanical cooling is responsible for a significant fraction of the energy consumption of data centers (DCs). Free cooling systems take advantage of ambient conditions to reduce the need for compressor-based cooling. This study utilizes thermodynamic models of major free cooling systems such as the direct air-side economizer (ASE), indirect air-side economizer (IASE), indirect evaporative cooler (IEC), and indirect water-side economizer (WSE) integrated with the existing cooling infrastructure of a typical 1 MW IT load DC. Proposed models utilize hourly weather data of various cities in Turkey to compute annual energy consumption and cost-saving potentials of each free cooling method with respect to the baseline DC with both open aisle (OA) and enclosed aisle (EA). Results confirm the energy-saving potential by IEC leading to less than 10% of annual chiller hours across Turkey and less than 1% in half of the ten cities studied, especially in EA DCs. However, despite greater energy-saving potential, IEC has more extended payback periods of 1.5 to 3.7 years due to the high capital investment compared with those of ASE and WSE with less than 1.4 years.

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Section: Indirect Evaporative Cooler (Iec)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy and economic assessment of major free cooling retrofits for data centersin Turkey

Gozcu¹,

Erden²

2019

Turk J Elec Eng & Comp Sci

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“…De Antonellis et al [8] considered indirect evaporative cooling as a suitable way to improve the energy efficiency of an air-conditioning system. In their investigations on evaporative cooling, Suryawanshi et al [9] reported that a two-stage evaporative cooling system was 4.5 times better, in terms of efficiency, compared to a traditional air conditioning unit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was found that the evaporative losses can account for as much as 15%-20% of the water used each day [26,27]. Other researchers have analyzed and quantified water consumption for evaporative cooling purposes [8,28] and found that certain water flowrates improved the cooling performance of their systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Assessment of a Hybrid Vapor Compression and Evaporative Cooling Fresh-Air-Handling Unit Operating in Hot Climates

et al. 2019

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Evaporative cooling can be integrated into fresh-air-handling units, to reduce cooling demand. This study considers a hybrid fresh-air-handling unit which incorporates a vapor-compression cooling cycle and indirect evaporative cooling to condition an ambient primary airstream to a desired supply air state. The cooling effects of using various modes (vapor compression only; direct expansion with mist; direct expansion with water shower; and direct expansion with mist and water shower) are compared when the fresh-air-handling unit operates in harsh (hot and humid) climatic conditions experienced in Qatar. Experimental analysis is based on actual ambient conditions measured from August 2018 to July 2019. It is found that the best-performing wet mode of operation saves more than 60% of the energy required by a conventional direct expansion cooling system operating under the same ambient conditions. In hot, dry conditions, the coefficient of performance of the fresh-air-handling unit when using the indirect evaporative mode of operation is double the coefficient of performance when operating with direct expansion mode only.

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“…Under the conditions of dry and wet bulb temperatures of 37.8 • C and 21.1 • C and the working air ratio of 0.364, the wet bulb effectiveness and the COP of the HMX achieved 114% and 52.5 respectively. Antonellis et al [15] carried out 112 experiments on a conventional cross-flow HMX in different conditions, and the results showed that the performance of the HMX was mainly affected by the water flow rate. Hui-Jeong Kim et al [16] carried out experiments on the cross-flow regenerative HMX and conventional cross-flow HMX in general and regenerative modes, and the results revealed that both the HMXs had higher wet bulb effectiveness in the conventional mode than in the regenerative mode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study of the Cross-Flow Heat and Mass Exchangers for Indirect Evaporative Cooling Using Numerical Methods

Wang

Huang

2018

Energies

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This paper presents a comparative study of the cross-flow regenerative heat and mass exchanger (HMX) and the conventional cross-flow HMX for indirect evaporative cooling (IEC) with numerical methods. The objective of this study is mainly to clarify the applicability of the two HMXs. The numerical model was built and validated by existing experimental data. The difference in heat and mass transfer between the two HMXs was revealed by analyzing the change of the temperature and moisture content of the air, and the influence of the main operating parameters on the cooling performance of the HMXs was analyzed. In the typical operating conditions, when the HMXs are used alone, the cooling performance of the regenerative HMX is better than that of the conventional HMX under low supply air flow rate. When the HMXs are used in the multistage evaporative cooling systems with high supply air flow rate, the conventional HMX is more suitable as the first stage of the system to pre-cool the supply air, while the regenerative HMX is more suitable as the second stage to re-cool the supply air.

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Experimental analysis of a cross flow indirect evaporative cooling system

Cited by 69 publications

References 22 publications

Energy and economic assessment of major free cooling retrofits for data centersin Turkey

Energy and economic assessment of major free cooling retrofits for data centersin Turkey

Performance Assessment of a Hybrid Vapor Compression and Evaporative Cooling Fresh-Air-Handling Unit Operating in Hot Climates

Comparative Study of the Cross-Flow Heat and Mass Exchangers for Indirect Evaporative Cooling Using Numerical Methods

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