Experimental analysis and semicontinuous simulation of low-temperature droplet evaporation of multicomponent fuels

Lehmann, Sebastian; Lorenz, Sebastian; Rivard, Etienne; Brüggemann, Dieter

doi:10.1007/s00348-014-1871-9

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Secondly, filament techniques normally require droplets with diameters in the millimeter range, which undergo a different evaporation process compared to microdroplets relevant for inhalation applications (Schutyser et al 2012). The single droplet method is based on droplets evaporating in either a falling gas flow (Jalaal and Mehravaran 2012;Lehmann et al 2015) or in a quiescent environment (Chen et al 2011;Davies et al 2012;Wegener et al 2014). The method of a single droplet falling in a gas flow is difficult to apply for fast process such as the evaporation of a microdroplet which lasts only a few milliseconds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of crystallization kinetics on the properties of spray dried microparticles

Baldelli

Power

Miles

et al. 2016

Aerosol Science and Technology

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A droplet chain technique was used to study the influence of the crystallization process on the morphology of spray dried microparticles. A piezoceramic dispenser produced a chain of monodisperse solution droplets with an initial diameter in the range of 60-80 mm. Aqueous solutions of sodium nitrate were prepared in concentrations ranging from 5 mg/ml to 5Á10 ¡5 mg/ml. The solution droplets were injected into a laminar flow with gas temperatures varying from 25 to 150 C, affecting the droplet temperature and the evaporation rate, accordingly. Dried particles with diameters between 0.3 and 18 mm were collected. The properties of the collected microparticles were studied and correlated with a particle formation model which predicted the onset of saturation and crystallization. The model accounted for the dependence of the diffusion coefficient of sodium nitrate in water on droplet viscosity. The viscosity trend for sodium nitrate solutions was determined by studying the relaxation time observed during coalescence of two aqueous sodium nitrate droplets levitated in optical tweezers. The combination of theoretical derivations and experimental results showed that longer time available for crystallization correlates with larger crystal size and higher degrees of crystallinity in the final microparticles.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of crystallization kinetics on the properties of spray dried microparticles

Baldelli

Power

Miles

et al. 2016

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…To calculate dm i /dt, the material properties (c s,i , D i and liquid density ρ i ) must be known, as well as the concentrations of the materials on both sides of the droplet-bulk interface. In droplet vaporization, Raoult's law (P i = x i P * i , with P i the partial vapour pressure of component i in the bulk, x i the mole fraction of i in the liquid and P * i the vapour pressure of the pure component) is commonly used for this purpose (Lehmann et al 2015;Tonini & Cossali 2016). However, this is an approximation, as Raoult's law relies on an ideal gas and thus neglects any interaction between the materials, and various methods have been presented to account for this (Sazhin et al 2010;Zhang & Kong 2012;Tonini & Cossali 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Segregation in dissolving binary-component sessile droplets

Dietrich¹,

Rump²,

Lyu³

et al. 2016

J. Fluid Mech.

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The dissolution of a single droplet, containing a mixture of oils, in water is experimentally studied. The oils in the droplet varied in terms of their solubility in water and their hydrophobicity. We demonstrate that the polarity of the droplet constituents strongly influences the dissolution dynamics. A binary-component droplet, containing two polar components (one soluble the other insoluble) exhibits a retarded dissolution as compared to a droplet containing only the soluble component. We argue that in this case the mixture in the droplet can be assumed homogeneous, leading to a smaller effective contact area of the soluble liquid in the droplet with the bulk water, and thus delayed dissolution. On the other hand, it is shown that this is not the case when a polar, soluble component is mixed with an insoluble non-polar component, in which case segregation between the different liquids inside the droplet occurs, leading to Marangoni flows and superspreading of the droplet. The segregation is confirmed by volumetric measurements and by the use of a solvatochromic dye in combination with confocal microscopy, which clearly showed that during dissolution local concentration differences inside the droplet developed.

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“…It possesses interesting properties for spark ignition engine operation, for example it reduces the net CO2 emissions and has a high antiknock power 4 . However, its high latent heat of vaporization alters the volatility of the mixture and hence its evaporation behavior 5 , especially if the fuel is used in geographical areas that are particularly cold. For use as an automotive fuel, it is often blended with gasoline in percentages from 5% to 85% by volume.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Raman and IR spectroscopy for quantitative analysis of gasoline/ethanol blends

Corsetti

McGloin

Kiefer

2016

Fuel

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Ethanol is commonly admixed to petrochemical gasoline, and its amount in the fuel blend can influence the performance of an engine. The ethanol content in a commercial fuel can vary. To ensure reliable engine operation, control strategies based on a measurement of the composition need to be developed. Two possible methods to determine the ethanol content in ethanol/gasoline blends are Raman and IR spectroscopy. We compare both techniques for quantitative measurements in systematically varied blends of ethanol and a gasoline surrogate. For each method, two different approaches for data evaluation are tested and compared: Firstly, the calibration of the intensity ratio of characteristic peaks as function of composition; secondly, a principal component regression (PCR). Both methods are found to have comparable uncertainty. For the evaluation of the Raman spectra, the PCR method yielded better accuracy than the intensity ratio approach. In addition, a detailed investigation of the influence of noise in the signal is presented. When the full IR spectra were evaluated by PCR, even high noise levels did not reduce the measurement accuracy significantly.

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Experimental analysis and semicontinuous simulation of low-temperature droplet evaporation of multicomponent fuels

Cited by 6 publications

References 24 publications

Effect of crystallization kinetics on the properties of spray dried microparticles

Effect of crystallization kinetics on the properties of spray dried microparticles

Segregation in dissolving binary-component sessile droplets

Comparison of Raman and IR spectroscopy for quantitative analysis of gasoline/ethanol blends

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