Experimental allometry: effect of size manipulation on metabolic rate of colonial ascidians

Nakaya, Fumio; Saito, Yasunori; Motokawa, Tatsuo

doi:10.1098/rspb.2005.3143

Cited by 26 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…5) and cluster around the value of 0.86 predicted by Price et al (2007). However, most of the values close to 0.86 are for colonial ascidians (Nakaya et al 2003(Nakaya et al , 2005, and it is not clear whether the nutrient distribution systems of these colonies conform to the network geometry required to predict an exponent of 0.86. In contrast, experimentally manipulated size in a colonial bryozoan Hippoporina indica and found a scaling exponent for respiration of 0.5, consistent with the DEB prediction for rapidly growing colonies.…”

Section: Testing Growth Models Ii: Changing Shapes and Dimensionsmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Testing Metabolic Theories

Kearney

White

2012

The American Naturalist

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. abstract: Metabolism is the process by which individual organisms acquire energy and materials from their environment and use them for maintenance, differentiation, growth, and reproduction. There has been a recent push to build an individual-based metabolic underpinning into ecological theory-that is, a metabolic theory of ecology. However, the two main theories of individual metabolism that have been applied in ecology-Kooijman's dynamic energy budget (DEB) theory and the West, Brown, and Enquist (WBE) theoryhave fundamentally different assumptions. Surprisingly, the core assumptions of these two theories have not been rigorously compared from an empirical perspective. Before we can build an understanding of ecology on the basis of individual metabolism, we must resolve the differences between these theories and thus set the appropriate foundation. Here we compare the DEB and WBE theories in detail as applied to ontogenetic growth and metabolic scaling, from which we identify circumstances where their predictions diverge most strongly. Promising experimental areas include manipulative studies of tissue regeneration, body shape, body condition, temperature, and oxygen. Much empirical work designed specifically with DEB and WBE theory in mind is required before any consensus can be reached on the appropriate theoretical basis for a metabolic theory of ecology.

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Section: Testing Growth Models Ii: Changing Shapes and Dimensionsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…4.14). (Hughes and Hughes 1986;Muñoz and Cancino 1989;Hunter et al 1996;Nakaya et al 2003Nakaya et al , 2005Peck and Barnes 2004;Barnes and Peck 2005;. The arrow shows the predicted scaling exponent for a colony with a plane-filling network and area-increasing branching (Price et al 2007).…”

Section: Testing Growth Models Ii: Changing Shapes and Dimensionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing Metabolic Theories

Kearney

White

2012

The American Naturalist

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“…This system has several advantages: no O 2 consumption, no membrane or electrolytes required (i.e. easy maintenance), high sensitivity and stability, and an adequate chamber volume (Nakaya et al 2003(Nakaya et al , 2005. No previous data are available for O 2 consumption in coral embryos or planulae using the technique described here.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen consumption of a single embryo/planula in the reef-building coral Acropora intermedia

Okubo¹,

Yamamoto²,

Nakaya³

et al. 2008

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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O 2 consumption of a single embryo/planula at each developmental stage was monitored in the reef-building coral Acropora intermedia using an optical O 2 -sensing system with our original micro-chamber system (6.28 µl). The lowest rate of O 2 consumption was observed in unfertilized eggs. After fertilization, O 2 consumption increased and remained constant until the prawn chip blastula stage. However, O 2 consumption began to increase again during the bowl-shaped blastula stage, which involves the formation of 2 germ layers and corresponds to the beginning of gastrulation. The rate of O 2 consumption peaked during the teardrop-shaped planula stage. During this stage planulae are able to swim actively, especially in the vertical plane, so an increase in energy consumption during this stage is to be expected. O 2 consumption began to decrease gradually 5 d after spawning. At this stage, the larvae frequently touched the substrate with their concave aboral end, which features numerous spirocysts required for substrate attachment. When the planulae began to settle, 7 d after spawning, the rate of O 2 consumption dropped to that of unfertilized eggs, suggesting that the planulae slowly use stored energy for crawling/settlement behavior and/or post-settlement growth and survivorship.KEY WORDS: Development · Dispersal · Energy · Larva · Lecithotrophic · Metabolism · Recruitment · Settlement-competency period Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 366: [305][306][307][308][309] 2008 developmental stage is an important index for understanding larval dispersal and recruitment; such data indicate when the larvae use energy and how they allocate the maternally derived energy for dispersal potential, larval fitness, and post-settlement growth and survival (Richmond 1987, Hoegh-Guldberg & Manahan 1995.A number of studies have examined the energetics of the development of planktotrophic and lecithotrophic species of sea urchin and abalone (Crisp et al. 1985, Marsh et al. 1999, Bryan 2004. However, the most common method of measuring O 2 consumption (i.e. an electrode) is unsuitable for small chamber volumes because the sensor itself consumes dissolved O 2 to measure the density of O 2 (Clark 1956). In addition, because numerous embryos or planulae compete with each other to consume excess energy in the chamber, the O 2 consumption rate per embryo or planula derived from this method is not reliable for analyzing the transitions between developmental stages. Here, we present data for O 2 consumption of a single coral embryo/planula at each developmental stage using an optical O 2 -sensing system. This system has several advantages: no O 2 consumption, no membrane or electrolytes required (i.e. easy maintenance), high sensitivity and stability, and an adequate chamber volume (Nakaya et al. 2003(Nakaya et al. , 2005. No previous data are available for O 2 consumption in coral embryos or planulae using the technique described here. MATERIALS AND METHODSWe collecte...

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“…Indeed, Atanasov and Petrova-Tacheva (8) have showed strong alometric connection between genome size (C-value) of wide spectrum of cells and organisms and their metabolic characteristics. On multicellular level (colonial ascidians) a link between colonial size and metabolic rate of colony is clearly demonstrated by Nakaya, Saito and Motokawa (9). By manipulation of colonial size authors have showed that the metabolic rate and colony size followed the threequarters power law.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Figure 1. Diagrams of connection between cell shape and cell function accordingly Ingber (3) and Nakaya et al (9), and phosphorylation level and doubling time in cells with other shape and size, accordingly Meyers et al (10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alometric relationships between volume to surface ratio, generation time, mass-corrected metabolic rate and lifespan metabolic potential of living cells in model for switch of gene programs from growth to differentiation and appoptosis

Atanasov¹,

Ignatova²

2015

TJS

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The works of the other scientists have showed that the change of the size and form of the cells can leads to change of their mass-energy and spatial-time characteristics, as well as to switch gene programs of the cells from growth to differentiation and to apoptosis. In this direction the idea for control of metabolic, spatial-time and signaling pathways in cells via manipulation of volume to surface ratio (namely shape and size of the cells) is developed in manuscript. The base for such manipulation and control on cellular functions is existence of linear relationship between the volume to surface ratio (V/S, m) and generation time (T gt , s) in unicellular organisms (n=18): V/S=a vst T gt 1.0975 (R 2 =0.815) and existence of nearly to inversely-linear relationship between the volume to surface ratio and mass-corrected metabolic rate (P*=P/M, J/s.kg) in unicellular organisms (n=18): V/S = b vsm /P* 0.8796 (R 2 =0.70). The found relationships showed that the metabolic rate and the generation time of the cells are strongly connected to their volume to surface ratio. Thus, the manipulation of volume to surface ratio leads to changes of the basal metabolic rate and generation time of the cells, and this can switch their gene programs from growth to differentiation and to apoptosis. The proposed model is based on universality of the alometric relationships simultaneously for unicellular organisms (bacteria, protozoa) and for soma cells of the multicellular organisms.

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Experimental allometry: effect of size manipulation on metabolic rate of colonial ascidians

Cited by 26 publications

References 24 publications

Testing Metabolic Theories

Testing Metabolic Theories

Oxygen consumption of a single embryo/planula in the reef-building coral Acropora intermedia

Alometric relationships between volume to surface ratio, generation time, mass-corrected metabolic rate and lifespan metabolic potential of living cells in model for switch of gene programs from growth to differentiation and appoptosis

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