Experimental Actinomycetoma Due to <i>Nocardia transvalensis</i> in Laboratory Mice

Unaogu, I. C.; Gugnani, H. C.; Ikerionwu, S. E.

doi:10.1111/myc.1990.33.2.99

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…This is probably due to the relative cost and inconvenience of working with large numbers of these animals as well as the development of better models that are more easily studied (93). In addition to mice, rabbits, guinea pigs, and dogs, a variety of other animals have been used experimentally to study nocardiosis (93,144,231,274,436,452,624,684,686). These include primates (442), fish (172,173), chickens (502), cattle (575), and oysters (256).…”

Section: Cns Nocardiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Nocardia species: host-parasite relationships

1994

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The nocardiae are bacteria belonging to the aerobic actinomycetes. They are an important part of the normal soil microflora worldwide. The type species, Nocardia asteroides, and N. brasiliensis, N. farcinica, N. otitidiscaviarum, N. nova, and N. transvalensis cause a variety of diseases in both normal and immunocompromised humans and animals. The mechanisms of pathogenesis are complex, not fully understood, and include the capacity to evade or neutralize the myriad microbicidal activities of the host. The relative virulence of N. asteroides correlates with the ability to inhibit phagosome-lysosome fusion in phagocytes; to neutralize phagosomal acidification; to detoxify the microbicidal products of oxidative metabolism; to modify phagocyte function; to grow within phagocytic cells; and to attach to, penetrate, and grow within host cells. Both activated macrophages and immunologically specific T lymphocytes constitute the major mechanisms for host resistance to nocardial infection, whereas B lymphocytes and humoral immunity do not appear to be as important in protecting the host. Thus, the nocardiae are facultative intracellular pathogens that can persist within the host, probably in a cryptic form (L-form), for life. Silent invasion of brain cells by some Nocardia strains can induce neurodegeneration in experimental animals; however, the role of nocardiae in neurodegenerative diseases in humans needs to be investigated.

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Section: Cns Nocardiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Nocardia species: host-parasite relationships

1994

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“…Very little is known on the pathogenesis and pathology of mycetoma, and one very attractive area of research is the study of therapeutic responses to the broad range of antimicrobial agents presently used in clinical practice. In case of bacterial mycetoma (actinomycetoma), considerable success has been achieved, in which the major infectious agents have been successfully used for infection in laboratory animals [12–17]. However, in case of fungal mycetoma (eumycetoma), only few investigators have been successful in developing an animal model [8–10,18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A murine model ofMadurella mycetomatiseumycetoma

Ahmed

Vianen

Kate

et al. 2003

FEMS Immunology &Amp; Medical Microbiology

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Eumycetoma due to Madurella mycetomatis is a major mycological health problem in endemic areas. We infected BALB/c mice (male or female) with various amounts of M. mycetomatis mycelium, containing sterilized soil as a natural adjuvant or Freund's incomplete adjuvant. Mice differed with respect to age and immune status. Intraperitoneal, subcutaneous and intravenous inoculation was explored and survival was monitored. Mice were killed at various intervals after inoculation, checked for the presence of the characteristic black grains, and organs were cultured for M. mycetomatis. Infected organs were subjected to histopathological examination. Immunocompetent male mice were as susceptible as immunocompromised female mice, but showed higher mortality rates. In conclusion, a reproducible mouse model of intraperitoneal M. mycetomatis infection with characteristic black grains in immunocompetent adult or young female mice was developed. Although this experimental model does not simulate macroscopic features of the subcutaneous M. mycetomatis infection in humans, the histopathological characteristics of the lesions and the development of black grains are clearly representative for the human infection. This model will enable further studies on the pathogenesis as well as prevention and treatment of the fungal infection.

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Section: Nocardial Infection In Animals and Animal Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nocardia species: host-parasite relationships.

Beaman¹,

Beaman²

1994

Clinical Microbiology Reviews

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From the very beginning, there has been uncertainty over the taxonomic position of nocardioforms, i.e., bacteria that resemble Nocardia organisms. The specific taxonomy of isolates of this heterogenous group of organisms is still in flux and controversial (275, 278, 403, 404, 420, 584, 676, 699). During the ensuing 100 years, it has been shown that N. asteroides is a heterogeneous taxon (275, 403, 404, 420). It is not within the scope of this review to address this complex subject, yet it is important to note that N. asteroides, as currently defined, probably consists of several subtypes and/or species. These include N. asteroides sensu stricto, N. farcinica, N. nova, and several distinct serotypes and biotypes (278, 403, 404, 698, 699, 727). Regardless of their designation, all of these varieties of the N. asteroides taxon have been isolated from humans and animals with serious (often fatal) infections (93, 584, 698, 699). The other pathogenic Nocardia species appear to be taxonomically more homogeneous and include N. brasiliensis, N. otitidiscaviarum (N. caviae), and N. transvalensis (275, 420). There is even one Nocardia species that infects plants: N. vaccinii, which causes galls on blueberry plants (420).

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Experimental Actinomycetoma Due to Nocardia transvalensis in Laboratory Mice

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

Nocardia species: host-parasite relationships

Nocardia species: host-parasite relationships

A murine model ofMadurella mycetomatiseumycetoma

Nocardia species: host-parasite relationships.

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