Experiment study on the failure mechanism of dry-mix shotcrete under the combined actions of sulfate attack and drying–wetting cycles

Niu, Ditao; Wang, Youde; Ma, Rui; Wang, Jia-Bin; Xu, Shanhua

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.02.007

Cited by 44 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Additionally, the rebound and the air trapped into the cement slurry can also lead to changes in the internal structure of the shotcrete and may cause macro and micro defects, as reported by Thomas [5]. Layering in dry-mix shotcrete was reported by Niu et al 2015 [22]. They observed layering perpendicular to the spraying direction and corresponding lower resistance against sulphate attack in this weaker areas, which they attributed to higher porosity.…”

Section: Influence Of Inhomogeneities/layersmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…In tunnels, primary durability problems are sulphate attack, leaching and sintering. Sulphate attack causes expansion reactions, strength loss, cracking and disintegration of the shotcrete matrix [20][21][22][23][24]. Concrete leaching and ion transport can lead to carbonate sintering in places like the tunnel drainage system, where blockage may occur [25,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Next to the primary durability problems in tunnels, other durability issues related to steel corrosion, like carbonation and chloride diffusion, may occur if shotcrete is used in certain aggressive environments or in permanent constructions. Few studies have dealt with the durability of shotcrete [20][21][22][23][24][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. In particular, to the best of the authors' knowledge, no study has investigated the Ca 2? leaching of real-scale shotcrete samples in combination with carbonation and chloride penetration resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Durability of clinker reduced shotcrete: Ca2+ leaching, sintering, carbonation and chloride penetration

et al. 2021

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The reduction of clinker use is mandatory to lower the negative environmental impact of concrete. In shotcrete mixes, similarly to the case of conventional concrete, the use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) and proper mix design allow for the substitution of clinker without compromising the mechanical properties. However, the impact of the substitution on the durability of shotcrete needs to be further assessed and understood. The results from the present study, obtained from real-scale sprayed concrete applications, show a reduction of the Ca2+ leaching and sintering potential of clinker-reduced shotcrete mixes due to the presence of SCMs. This positive effect, crucial for low maintenance costs of tunnels, is mainly related to a reduced portlandite content, which on the other hand negatively affects the carbonation resistance of shotcrete. Additionally, the hydration of SCMs positively influences the chloride penetration resistance presumably due to a combination of microstructural changes and changes in the chloride binding capacity. Differences found in the pore size distribution of the various mixes have low impact on the determined durability parameters, in particular compared to the effect of inhomogeneities produced during shotcrete application.

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Section: Influence Of Inhomogeneities/layersmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Durability of clinker reduced shotcrete: Ca2+ leaching, sintering, carbonation and chloride penetration

et al. 2021

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“…When there was a crack in the surface of concrete, water permeated more quickly through a wider crack, regardless of w/c, reaching deep into the concrete with relative ease. Sulfate ions are transported into the pores of compact area layer-by-layer, thus, the exfoliation damage is generally observed in the compact area and the two-stage erosion mechanism is still applicable [6]. It can be infered from above that concrete specimens will lose corner and edge gradually and eventually deteriorate its performance after a long term sulfate exposure.…”

Section: Ultrasonic Velocitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Damage evolution of concrete under loading history and sulfate attack

Shao¹,

Jing-zhou²,

Tian³

2015

Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Civil Engineering and Transportation 2015

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The damage test of concrete with size of 100 mm * 100 mm * 300 mm under loading history and sulfate attack has been carried out to investigate concrete properties. Mass and ultrasonic velocity of 15 prismatic concrete which are immersed in 1% sodium-sulfate solution under different loading history are measured in the tests, respectively. Experimental results show that the mechanical properties of concrete after loading history are improved in the early stage under the effect of sulfate attack.Different loading history have a different influence on the damage process of concrete subject to sulfate attack.

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“…e causes and mechanisms of sulfate attack deterioration have been researched extensively from the perspective of sulfate attack alone [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] as well as the coupling of drying-wetting cycles and sulfate attack [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiment Analysis of Concrete’s Mechanical Property Deterioration Suffered Sulfate Attack and Drying-Wetting Cycles

Tian

Han

2017

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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e mechanism of concrete deterioration in sodium sulfate solution is investigated. e macroperformance was characterized via its apparent properties, mass loss, and compressive strength. Changes in ions in the solution at di erent sulfate attack periods were tested by inductively coupled plasma (ICP). e damage evolution law, as well as analysis of the concrete's meso-and microstructure, was revealed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and computed tomography (CT) scanning equipment. e results show that the characteristics of concrete di ered at each sulfate attack period; the drying-wetting cycles generally accelerated the deterioration process of concrete. In the early sulfate attack period, the pore structure of the concrete was lled with sulfate attack products (e.g., ettringite and gypsum), and its mass and strength increased. e pore size and porosity decreased while the CT number increased. As deterioration progressed, the swelling/expansion force of products and the salt crystallization pressure of sulfate crystals acted on the inner wall of the concrete to accumulate damage and accelerate deterioration. e mass and strength of concrete sharply decreased. e number and volume of pores increased, and the pore grew more quickly resulting in initiation and expansion of microcracks while the CT number decreased.

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Experiment study on the failure mechanism of dry-mix shotcrete under the combined actions of sulfate attack and drying–wetting cycles

Cited by 44 publications

References 22 publications

Durability of clinker reduced shotcrete: Ca2+ leaching, sintering, carbonation and chloride penetration

Durability of clinker reduced shotcrete: Ca2+ leaching, sintering, carbonation and chloride penetration

Damage evolution of concrete under loading history and sulfate attack

Experiment Analysis of Concrete’s Mechanical Property Deterioration Suffered Sulfate Attack and Drying-Wetting Cycles

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