Experiment and Molecular Dynamic Simulation on Performance of 3,4-Bis(3-nitrofurazan-4-yl)furoxan (DNTF) Crystals Coated with Energetic Binder GAP

Abstract

To investigate the crystallization of DNTF in modified double-base propellants, GAP was used as the coating material for the in situ coating of DNTF, and the performance of the coating was investigated to inhibit the crystallization. The results show that GAP can form a white gel on the surface of DNTF crystals and has a good coating effect which can significantly reduce the impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity of DNTF. Molecular dynamics was used to construct a bilayer interface model of GAP and DNTF with different growth crystal surfaces, and Molecular dynamics calculations of the binding energy and mechanical properties of the composite system were carried out. The results showed that GAP could effectively improve the mechanical properties of DNTF. The values of K/G, γ and ν are higher than those of DNTF crystals, and the values of C12-C44 are positive, indicating that GAP can improve DNTF ductility while also improving toughness. Combining the experimental results with the simulation calculations, glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) can be referred to as a better cladding layer for DNTF, which is feasible for inhibiting the DNTF crystallization problem in propellants.

Recent progress and emerging strategies for carbon peak and carbon neutrality in China

“…CCUS carbon sequestration technology is essential for reducing carbon emissions 31 . It is also considered to be the most probable and effective means of emission reduction 32 .…”

“…The cost of recovering 1 ton of CO 2 needs to be reduced to less than $30 before the technology can be promoted, as oil companies and other industries are facing high costs. Second, the safe transportation and stable state of CO 2 are also necessary prerequisites for CCS to become commercially viable 31 …”

“…CCUS is a key technology needed to decarbonize hard‐to‐abate sectors such as petrochemicals and cement 45 . In recent years, the CCUS market has grown rapidly and has been applied in natural gas, power generation, chemical industry, and other industries 31,32 . More than $3 billion has been invested in carbon capture so far in 2022.…”

“…Key industries and sectors with high carbon emissions, including power supply, industry, transport, and construction, urgently need large‐scale and systematic transformation and upgrading 2 . According to the assessment of the IEA, 47 by 2070, 35% of the technologies for emission reduction are still in the prototype or demonstration stage, 40% of the technologies have not been developed, and the breakthrough technologies of emission reduction required by commercial automobile transportation, marine and air transportation, metallurgy, cement production, and other energy‐intensive industries are immature 2,31 . In the past decade, CCUS technology has been deployed on a large scale worldwide.…”

Friction Sensitivity Test Experiment and Desensitization Mechanism of Nitrocellulose-Coated DNTF Explosive Crystals

“…Song et al [25] used Am-GO as a coating to meet the mechanical sensitivity requirements of DNTF. Qin et al [26] proposed a method of encapsulating DNTF explosive crystals with energetic binder GAP based on the water suspension method to improve their mechanical sensitivity and analyze the desensitization mechanism. In addition to coating modification with binders DNTF and other explosives, such as DNAN, MTNP, DFTNAN, and TNBA, were optimized for mechanical sensitivity, thermal performance improvement, and energy output charac teristics through the low eutectic method, respectively [27][28][29][30].…”