Experiment and modeling of paired effect on evacuation from a three-dimensional space

Hu, Jun; Sun, Huijun; Wei, Juan; Chen, Xiaodan; You, Lei; Gao, Ming

doi:10.1016/j.physleta.2014.09.050

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…avoiding collisions, getting close to peers and being attracted by the crowd K 53,4 (Haghani and Sarvi, 2019). The interactions of individuals contribute to some complex crowd dynamic characteristics, such as stop-and-go waves (Oh and Yeo, 2015), self-slowing behaviour (Zhao et al, 2017), faster-is-slower effect (Garcimart ın et al, 2014, paired effect (Jun et al, 2014), collision avoidance (Chen et al, 2018b), etc. In particular, when facing the imminent threat of attackers, the crowd dynamics will be more complex and unpredictable.…”

Section: Literature Review 21 Crowd Dynamics In Terrorist Attacksmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling and simulation of crowd evacuation in terrorist attacks

Song

Liu²,

Li³

et al. 2022

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PurposeIn recent years, terrorist attacks have gradually become one of the important factors endangering social security. In this context, this research aims to propose methods and principles which can be utilized to make effective evacuation plans to reduce casualties in terrorist attacks.Design/methodology/approachBy analyzing the statistical data of terrorist attack videos, this paper proposes an extended cellular automaton (CA) model and simulates the panic evacuation of the pedestrians in the terrorist attack.FindingsThe main findings are as follows. (1) The panic movement of pedestrians leads to the dispersal of the crowd and the increase in evacuation time. (2) Most deaths occur in the early stage of crowd evacuation while pedestrians gather without perceiving the risk. (3) There is a trade-off between escaping from the room and avoidance of attackers for pedestrians. Appropriate panic contagion enables pedestrians to respond more quickly to risks. (4) Casualties are mainly concentrated in complex terrains, e.g. walls, corners, obstacles, exits, etc. (5) The initial position of the attackers has a significant effect on the crowd evacuation. The evacuation efficiency should be reduced if the attacker starts the attack from the exit or corners.Originality/valueIn this research, the concept of “focus region” is proposed to depict the different reactions of pedestrians to danger and the effects of the attacker’s motion (especially the attack strategies of attackers) are classified. Additionally, the influences on pedestrians by direct and indirect panic sources are studied.

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Section: Literature Review 21 Crowd Dynamics In Terrorist Attacksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, 2017), faster-is-slower effect (Garcimartín et al. , 2014), paired effect (Jun et al. , 2014), collision avoidance (Chen et al.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling and simulation of crowd evacuation in terrorist attacks

Song

Liu²,

Li³

et al. 2022

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“…You et al [2] investigated the pedestrian flow characteristics in a terrace classroom with multiple exit widths. Hu et al [3] proposed a three-dimensional cellular automata evacuation model taking into account the movements of pedestrians on stairs and studied the effect of paired behavior on evacuation efficiency. Zhao et al [4] investigated the microscopic characteristics of pedestrian evacuation in a threedimensional lecture theater under conditions of good and zero visibility, including lateral and vertical oscillations, route choice, evacuation direction, and following behavior.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the pedestrian in the cell (i, j), P (i,j)→(i 0 ,j 0 ) denotes the probability of selecting the neighboring cell (i 0 , j 0 ) as the target cell. This probability is calculated as in equation (3).…”

Section: Transition Rulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, understanding the movement of pedestrians on outdoor seatless terraced stands is greatly significant for building safety and event management. Existing studies on crowd evacuation in three-dimensional environments have mostly focused on stairs and terrace classrooms [1][2][3][4]. In these scenarios, however, evacuation route are relatively fixed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential-based three-dimensional route choice model for pedestrian evacuation on terraced stands

Liu¹,

Du²,

Sun³

2021

J. Stat. Mech.

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This study proposes a potential-based three-dimensional cellular automata model to describe the route choice behavior of pedestrians while evacuating terraced stands. The model takes into account the pedestrians’ states of sitting, standing, and moving, and the possible transitions on terraced stands. The proposed potential field algorithm reflects the influence on route choice behavior of heterogeneous heights, route distance, pedestrian congestion, and route capacity. Three parameters related to the pedestrians’ behaviors in the spaces with heterogeneous heights are then analyzed to demonstrate the ability of the model to reproduce pedestrian route choice behaviors on terraced stands. Finally, empirical data observed in a terraced stand of a stadium are applied for further validation. The results show that the proposed model performs consistently well with the observed data.

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