Experiential avoidance and negative affect as predictors of daily drinking.

Luoma, Jason B.; Pierce, Benjamin; Levin, Michael E.

doi:10.1037/adb0000554

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(112 reference statements)

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“…These findings provide additional support for existing literature that demonstrates the adverse effects of substance use self-stigma on self-esteem (e.g., da Silveira et al, 2016). Likewise, our results further suggest that self-esteem is reduced not only through the internalization of substance use stereotypes, but also through social avoidance and living inconsistently with one's values, which have long been associated with poor psychological outcomes for individuals with substance use concerns or who are in the justice system (Luoma, 2010;Luoma et al, 2020;Moore, Stuewig, et al, 2016;Moore & Tangney, 2017).…”

Section: Self-esteemsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…This article is intended solely for the personal use of the individual user and is not to be disseminated broadly. CRIMINALITY AND SUBSTANCE USE SELF-STIGMAS psychological effects, and are more likely to engage in substance use (Luoma, 2010;Luoma et al, 2020). Accordingly, these individuals likely have less confidence in their ability to resist using.…”

Section: Drug Avoidance Self-efficacymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The intersectionality of criminality and substance use self-stigmas.

Newman¹,

Crowell²

2023

Stigma and Health

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Research has consistently demonstrated that a substantial number of individuals in the criminal justice system struggle with substance misuse. Furthermore, rates of relapse and recidivism among this population are high. One challenge facing this population is self-stigma, the process in which negative stereotypes and public perceptions about an aspect of one's identity are internalized onto one's sense of self. Self-stigma has been shown to have negative implications for both individuals in the criminal justice system and individuals with substance use concerns, including reduced self-efficacy, self-esteem, and treatment engagement. Thus far, however, few, if any studies have examined the intersecting effects of criminality self-stigma and substance use self-stigma. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to examine how criminality self-stigma and substance use self-stigma individually and collectively predicted self-esteem, drug avoidance self-efficacy, and treatment engagement. A sample of 912 previously incarcerated adults with a history of substance misuse completed several online self-report measures. Findings suggested that substance use and criminality self-stigmas both individually and collectively predicted self-esteem and treatment engagement, and substance use self-stigma and the interaction effect predicted drug avoidance self-efficacy. Additional findings and implications for future treatment and prevention efforts are discussed.

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Section: Self-esteemsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Drug Avoidance Self-efficacymentioning

confidence: 99%

The intersectionality of criminality and substance use self-stigmas.

Newman¹,

Crowell²

2023

Stigma and Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The more content‐focused concepts found in traditional CBT, such as positive and negative affect 88 , loneliness 89 and hopelessness 90 , are still important clinical guides, especially when excessive in frequency or intensity, but the newer processes expand on the clinical meaning of these affective contents. For example, negative affect has been shown to be most behaviorally harmful when it kicks off processes of suppression and avoidance 91 . When it does not, the capacity to notice and describe negative emotional experiences can predict positive clinical trajectories even in the presence of stressful emotions as defined by their mere form 92 .…”

Section: Integrating These Sensitivities Into Process‐based Cbtmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Third‐wave” cognitive and behavioral therapies and the emergence of a process‐based approach to intervention in psychiatry

2021

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For decades, cognitive and behavioral therapies (CBTs) have been tested in randomized controlled trials for specific psychiatric syndromes that were assumed to represent expressions of latent diseases. Although these protocols were more effective as compared to psychological control conditions, placebo treatments, and even active pharmacotherapies, further advancement in efficacy and dissemination has been inhibited by a failure to focus on processes of change. This picture appears now to be evolving, due both to a collapse of the idea that mental disorders can be classified into distinct, discrete categories, and to the more central attention given to processes of change in newer, so-called "third-wave" CBTs.Here we review the context for this historic progress and evaluate the impact of these newer methods and models, not as protocols for treating syndromes, but as ways of targeting an expanded range of processes of change. Five key features of "third-wave" therapies are underlined: a focus on context and function; the view that new models and methods should build on other strands of CBT; a focus on broad and flexible repertoires vs. an approach to signs and symptoms; applying processes to the clinician, not just the client; and expanding into more complex issues historically more characteristic of humanistic, existential, analytic, or system-oriented approaches. We argue that these newer methods can be considered in the context of an idiographic approach to process-based functional analysis. Psychological processes of change can be organized into six dimensions: cognition, affect, attention, self, motivation and overt behavior. Several important processes of change combine two or more of these dimensions. Tailoring intervention strategies to target the appropriate processes in a given individual would be a major advance in psychiatry and an important step toward precision mental health care.

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“…Previous research has highlighted the necessity of adaptive coping to flourish in the police profession (Arble et al., 2018) given the high frequency of PTE exposure. Yet, maladaptive patterns of alcohol use often follow the onset of PTSS (N. Weiss et al., 2019), which may function as a means by which individuals attempt to avoid the experience of negative affect in daily life (i.e., experiential avoidance; Luoma et al., 2020). The present study offers mixed results to suggest that a tendency to approach life in a flexible manner (i.e., low experiential avoidance) may limit alcohol use in response to PTSS among police officers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indirect Associations Between Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Other Psychiatric Symptoms, Alcohol Use, and Well‐being via Psychological Flexibility Among Police Officers

Baker

Stroman

Kalantar

et al. 2021

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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Police officers experience a high number of potentially traumatic events (PTEs) often associated with elevated posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). In addition, PTSS are related to co-occurring psychiatric symptoms (e.g., anxiety, depression), alcohol misuse, and low perceived well-being. Yet, behavioral processes that may account for the associations between PTSS and unfavorable outcomes remain unspecified. Psychological flexibility, or one's response to private experiences (e.g., PTE-related memories) with an open, aware, and active approach, may be one such process. The present study aimed to evaluate psychological flexibility as both a mediator and moderator of PTSS and commonly co-occurring psychiatric symptoms, alcohol use, and general well-being, using cross-sectional data provided by a sample of police officers (N = 459) recruited from three regionally distributed U.S. police agencies. Structural equation modeling indicated a wellfitting model wherein psychological flexibility indirectly accounted for associations among PTSS and endogenous outcomes, χ 2 (107, N = 457) = 225.33, p < .001, CFI = .99, TLI = .98, RMSEA = .05, 90% CI [.04, .06], SRMR = .03. Psychological flexibility also moderated associations between PTSS and psychiatric symptoms, B = 1.58 (SE = 0.22), p < .001; and well-being, B = −3.84 (SE = 0.46), p < .001. Although additional research is needed, these preliminary results suggest psychological flexibility may be a behavioral process that accounts for negative outcomes associated with PTSS and a productive intervention target in the context of PTSS and generalized distress. Further research regarding the role of psychological flexibility in PTSS-related outcomes for police officers appears warranted.Potentially traumatic events (PTEs) are defined as lifethreatening or upsetting experiences, such as physical injury, sexual violence, or actual or threatened death, that individuals either directly experience, witness, or learn has happened to a loved one. Exposure to PTEs can lead to posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), such as flashbacks, hypervigilance, and increased negative affect (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013). These PTSS are related to social and personal costs, including poor occupational and social functioning, physical health problems, psychiatric symptoms, and avoidant coping (Baek et al., 2017;Pietrzak et al., 2009;Radomski et al., 2016), even if one's symptom severity does not reach the threshold for a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis (Korte et al., 2016).

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Experiential avoidance and negative affect as predictors of daily drinking.

Cited by 20 publications

References 54 publications

The intersectionality of criminality and substance use self-stigmas.

The intersectionality of criminality and substance use self-stigmas.

“Third‐wave” cognitive and behavioral therapies and the emergence of a process‐based approach to intervention in psychiatry

Indirect Associations Between Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Other Psychiatric Symptoms, Alcohol Use, and Well‐being via Psychological Flexibility Among Police Officers

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