Experiences with the Radiochromium method for Determination of Red Cell Volume

Wennesland, Reidar; Em, Brown; Hopper, J.; Scott, Kenneth G.; Hodges, J. L.; Bradley, Barbara

doi:10.3109/00365516209079721

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…These studies however all failed to include blood sampling from large pooling veins of the lower body, and this may explain the difference in results. In contrast, our data indicates that complete blood mixing does not occur within a 10 min period, as also suggested previously (Wennesland et al 1962). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…However, the CO re-breathing procedure is commonly conducted at seated rest (Lundby et al 2007;Morkeberg et al 2011;Prommer et al 2008; Robach et al 2006;Schmidt and Prommer 2005;Steiner and Wehrlin 2011;Ulrich et al 2011) or semi recumbent rest (Garvican et al 2010). In the supine position total blood turnover in large pooling veins may take up to 30 min (Wennesland et al 1962), and likely even longer in the seated position as gravitation promotes blood accumulation in the leg veins. If erythrocytes remain pooled in lower extremities during a CO re-breathing procedure they cannot be tagged with CO which may lead to an underestimation of Hb mass .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The carbon monoxide re-breathing method can underestimate Hbmass due to incomplete blood mixing

et al. 2013

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PURPOSE: Hemoglobin mass (Hbmass) is commonly assessed using the CO re-breathing method with the subject in the seated position. This may lead to an underestimation of Hbmass as blood in lower extremity veins while seated may not be tagged with carbon monoxide (CO) during the rebreathing period. METHODS: To test this hypothesis, CO re-breathing was performed on four occasions in nine male subjects, twice in the seated position and twice in combination with light cycle ergometer exercise (1 W/kg body-weight) intending to accelerate blood circulation and thereby potentially allowing for a better distribution of CO throughout the circulation as compared to in the seated position. Blood samples were drawn from an antecubital vein and the saphenous magna vein following the re-breathing procedure. RESULTS: In the seated position, CO re-breathing increased the percent carboxyhemoglobin (%HbCO) in the antecubital vein to 8.9 % (7.8-10.7) [median (min-max)], but less (P = 0.017) in the saphenous magna vein [7.8 % (5.0-9.9)]. With exercise, no differences in %HbCO were observed between sampling sites. As a result, CO re-breathing in combination with exercise revealed a 3 % higher (P = 0.008) Hbmass, i.e., 936 g (757-1,018) as compared to 908 g (718-940) at seated rest. CONCLUSION: This study suggests an uneven distribution of CO in the circulation if the CO re-breathing procedure is performed at rest in the seated position and therefore can underestimate Hbmass. Methods: To test this hypothesis, CO re-breathing was performed on four occasions in nine male subjects, twice in the seated position and twice in combination with light cycle ergometer exercise (75 W) intending to accelerate blood circulation and thereby potentially allowing for a better distribution of CO throughout the circulation as compared to in the seated position. Blood samples were drawn from an antecubital vein and the saphenous magna vein following the re-breathing procedure.Results: In the seated position CO re-breathing increased the percent carboxyhemoglobin (%HbCO) in the antecubital vein to 8.9 % (7.8 -10.7) (median (min -max)), but less (P=0.017) in the saphenous magna vein (7.8 % (5.0 -9.9). With exercise no differences in %HbCO were observed between sampling sites. As a resulted CO re-breathing in combination with exercise revealed a ~3%higher (P = 0.008) Hb mass , i.e. 936 g (757 -1018) as compared to 908 g (718 -940) at seated rest.Conclusion: This study suggests an uneven distribution of CO in the circulation if the CO rebreathing procedure is performed at rest in the seated position and therefore an underestimate of Hb mass .

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The carbon monoxide re-breathing method can underestimate Hbmass due to incomplete blood mixing

et al. 2013

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“…The method' of labeling the autologous cells with NaCr5O4 and of determining their volume of distribution (VCr"1) was as described in the study on men (1,4). Tests were performed before breakfast or, rarely, in the afternoon when lunch had been omitted.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The data for our four heavy women are in best agreement with the remainder when the regression to surface area is used (Figure 4) great care to avoid the effects of tourniquet stasis and only after the subj ect had rested in a horizontal position for an hour. The hematocrits would therefore be expected to be lower than those of samples taken from ambulatory subjects under ordinary conditions of collection (4,8). The positive correlation between residuals of Vrbc and Vpl for women and men (1) shows that the he- ficiency or excess of cell mass is often balanced by reciprocal expansion or contraction of plasma (9).…”

Section: Analysis Of Residualsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Red Cell, Plasma, and Blood Volume in Healthy Women Measured by Radiochromium Cell-Labeling and Hematocrit*

Em¹,

Hopper²,

Hodges³

et al. 1962

J. Clin. Invest.

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190

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In a previous study of 201 healthy men (1), red cell volume (Vrbc) was measured by a modification of Sterling and Gray's radiochromium method (2), and whole blood and plasma volumes (Vwb and Vpl) were derived from venous hemiatocrits. The influence of factors other than body size on the variance of the data was studied, and standards for predicting normal volumes were derived. The present report describes a similar examination of 101 women. SUBJECTS AND METHODSThe women, all of whom volunteered for study, were actively employed as housewives, laboratory personnel, nurses, or office workers, and most were white (Table I) tResearch Fellow, American Heart Association. prevent venous congestion during sampling. Hematocrit readings were not corrected for plasma trapping, and it was assumed that Vwb = VCr"1 (no allowance was made for a difference between the hematocrit of venous blood and that of the body as a whole) (1). Cell and plasma volumes were calculated by the formulas: Vrhc = VCr`1 X hematocrit; Vpl = VCr5`-Vrbc.The data were treated as outlined in the study of men (1). Regression equations were calculated by the method of least squares to describe the relations between volumes (Vrbc, Vpl, and Vwb) and body measurements (weight, height, weight and height combined, and surface area). The differences between the observed volumes (Vrbc and Vpl) of each woman and the mean volumes found in women of the same height and weight vere calculated by means of Equations 3 and 7, Table II. These differences, or "residuals," wsere used to analyze the influence of factors other than body size On the blood volumes. Table I summarizes the data. In Figure 1, each of the 101 subjects is represented according to her weight and height. In general, the relationship between weight and height was fairly uniform. Notable exceptions were four women weighing over 81 kg, who proved to be 23 to 58 per cent overweight for height and age according to actuarial tables (5). The weight: height ratios of these subjects were more than 2 standard deviations above the mean of the ratios of the other 97 women. For this reason and because the series included so few large women, regression equations describing the relationships of the volumes to body measurements were prepared only for the 97 women weighing less than 74 kg (Table II). RESULTS Volumes in relation to height and weightThe bivariate regression equations described straight lines and the trivariate equations, planes without curvature (see Figures 1 to 4). The location of the regression plane for Vrbc in rela-2182

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“…12 The dogs' cells were tagged with 100 mCi of 51 Cr the day before the infusion. 13 To determine background radioactivity, 7-ml arterial blood samples were withdrawn before 10 ml of radiochromated red cells and 2 ml (5 mCi of 22 Na as sodium chloride; New England Nuclear) were injected through the venous catheter. Seven-milliliter blood samples were withdrawn through the arterial catheter 5, 20, and 40 minutes, and 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 hours after the infusion for determination of dilution volumes.…”

Section: Experimental Measurements and Instrumentation 'mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of baroreceptor denervation on volume loading hypertension in anephric dogs.

Manning¹,

Cowley²,

Coleman³

1985

Hypertension

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SUMMARY The role of the baroreceptor mechanism in determining the relationship between fluid volume and arterial pressure is not clear. Therefore, the effects of the baroreflex on the arterial pressure and fluid volume of conscious, anephric dogs were studied after a sustained 10% increase in blood volume. The animals were equipped with long-term indwelling arterial and venous catheters, and arterial pressure was monitored 24 hours a day. The increase in blood volume was achieved by intravenous infusion of 50 ml/kg of lactated Ringer's solution in 30 minutes. After volume loading arterial pressure increased rapidly to hypertensive levels (130.8 ± 7.5% of control) in a baroreceptor denervated group. The initial increase in arterial pressure in a group of normally innervated dogs was smaller (118.8 ± 1.8% of control), but by 24 hours postinfusion the arterial pressure of both groups had reached the same level. The innervated group had probably experienced baroreceptor resetting by this time. Blood volume both before and after infusion was not different in the denervated and innervated groups; however, sodium space was markedly higher before the infusion in the denervated dogs (431.8 ± 13.8 ml/kg vs 344.8 ± 19.0 ml/kg in the innervated dogs), and the volume load caused parallel increases in this space in the denervated and innervated groups. The present study shows that the blood volume of anephric dogs was unchanged after baroreceptor denervation while the extracellular fluid volume of denervated dogs was elevated. Furthermore, a small sustained increase in blood volume in either conscious, innervated dogs or conscious, baroreceptor denervated dogs, in contradistinction to the effects in anesthetized dogs, resulted in significant increases in arterial pressure (p < 0.05). (Hypertension 7: 562-568, 1985) KEY WORDS • blood volume • extracellular fluid volume • central venous pressure A LTHOUGH several investigators have studied / \ the effects of volume loading on the arterial A. ^L. pressure of either intact or baroreceptor denervated animals, 1 -2 little information is available about the effects of the arterial baroreceptors on the arterial pressure response to a step change in blood volume in conscious animals. The effects of the arterial barorefiex on fluid volume distribution also are poorly understood.When excess volume in the form of saline is infused continuously into dogs with reduced renal mass, blood volume progressively increases for a few days and then decreases to near control values after 1 week.

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Experiences with the Radiochromium method for Determination of Red Cell Volume

Cited by 12 publications

References 25 publications

The carbon monoxide re-breathing method can underestimate Hbmass due to incomplete blood mixing

The carbon monoxide re-breathing method can underestimate Hbmass due to incomplete blood mixing

Red Cell, Plasma, and Blood Volume in Healthy Women Measured by Radiochromium Cell-Labeling and Hematocrit*

Effects of baroreceptor denervation on volume loading hypertension in anephric dogs.

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