Abstract:For decades, retention has been a common practice implemented as an intervention for the at-risk or underperforming student (Alexander, Entwisle, & Dauber, 2003;Jimerson, Pletcher, & Kerr, 2005;Murray, Woodruff, & Vaughn, 2010;Penfield, 2010;Shepard & Smith, 1990;Warren & Saliba, 2012). While practitioners believe grade repetition raised students to grade level standards, often this intervention resulted in short-term academic achievement gains, followed by a fade in progress, and a negative student attitude t… Show more
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