Experiences of women in obtaining human immunodeficiency virus testing and healthcare services

Blake, Barbara J.; Taylor, George R.; Reid, Paula; Kosowski, Margaret M.

doi:10.1111/j.1745-7599.2007.00283.x

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In Western countries, stigma and discrimination associated with HIV/AIDS has generally become somewhat more subtle, but it remains a significant challenge for PLWHAs and those otherwise associated with HIV/AIDS (Blake et al, 2008;Mann, Tarantola, & Netter, 1992). Both the United States and Canada have enacted legislative protections for person with HIV/AIDS (Elliott & Gold, 2005).…”

Section: Consequences Of Hiv/aids Stigmamentioning

confidence: 98%

Understanding and Responding to HIV/AIDS Stigma and Disclosure: An International Challenge for Mental Health Nurses

Sowell

Phillips

2010

Issues in Mental Health Nursing

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Stigma and discrimination are challenges in the care and treatment of persons with HIV infection worldwide. Fear of negative social consequences often causes persons with HIV/AIDS to keep their infection secret, resulting in negative psychological and physical outcomes and continued spread of the disease. Mental health nurses have a unique opportunity to influence the trajectory of HIV/AIDS though counseling and interventions that address HIV/AIDS stigma with clients, communities, and society. This article provides an in-depth examination of HIV/AIDS stigma and its relationship to nondisclosure as well as strategies to deal with these issues at individual and group levels.

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Section: Consequences Of Hiv/aids Stigmamentioning

confidence: 98%

Understanding and Responding to HIV/AIDS Stigma and Disclosure: An International Challenge for Mental Health Nurses

Sowell

Phillips

2010

Issues in Mental Health Nursing

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“…Furthermore, when individuals experienced the emotions of ‘shame’ and ‘embarrassment’ in their interactions with others, their self-concept, self-worth and sense of personal dignity could also suffer [36]. Shame and embarrassment can result in perceived social stigma, which could play a significant role in creating apprehensions toward receiving HIV testing [37].…”

Section: Emotional Self-efficacymentioning

confidence: 99%

College students and HIV testing: cognitive, emotional self-efficacy, motivational and communication factors

Lin

Roy

Dam

et al. 2017

Journal of Communication in Healthcare

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Most college students have never been tested for HIV, even though they regularly have unprotected sex and multiple sex partners. Theory-based research addressing factors influencing HIV testing among college students is limited. This study explored this topic via a conceptual framework that integrates the health belief model with emotion and communication factors. Data was collected with a sample of four focus group panels, including two male and two female groups (N = 52). Transcripts for the seven discussion questions were produced based on the audio recordings of group sessions. Two research assistants reviewed, summarized and cross-validated the discussion content to address each of the four research questions under study. Students believe HIV to be a severe health threat, but feel ‘invincible’ about contracting the virus. Their low emotional self-efficacy is a barrier for adopting HIV testing. Gaining social approval and emotional support for making a testing decision can help them overcome the perceived fear, stigma and lack of response efficacy associated with taking the test. Students are open to receiving cues to action via confidential HIV-testing related communication from health professionals or important others as well as media messaging from various sources. Bridging the perceptual-emotional gap between perceived invulnerability and fear can help increase emotional self-efficacy in coping with HIV testing. Normalizing HIV testing as a primary care routine for harm avoidance/reduction will increase perceived benefits of testing. Communicating cues to action will help reinforce HIV testing as a societally approved and socially supported protective behavioral norm.

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“…Quality of care may be compromised when providers express stigmatizing attitudes through nonverbal behaviors such as avoidance of physical proximity and eye contact, 7 lack of touch, 8 expression of discomfort, 4 or differential treatment, such as the use of excessive precautions or isolation measures, 9 or deferring prescribing antiretroviral therapy for active injection drug users. 10 In more overt cases, PLWH have been gossiped about or verbally abused by health workers, 9 had their confidentiality breached, 11 or were even denied care.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Perceived Discrimination in Healthcare Settings and HIV Medication Adherence: Mediating Psychosocial Mechanisms

et al. 2017

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There is insufficient research on the impact of perceived discrimination in healthcare settings on adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART), particularly among women living with HIV, and even less is known about psychosocial mechanisms that may mediate this association. Cross-sectional analyses were conducted in a sample of 1356 diverse women living with HIV enrolled in the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), a multi-center cohort study. Indirect effects analysis with bootstrapping was used to examine the potential mediating roles of internalized stigma and depressive symptoms in the association between perceived discrimination in healthcare settings and ART adherence. Perceived discrimination in healthcare settings was negatively associated with optimal (95% or better) ART adherence (adjusted odds ratio AOR = 0.81, p = .02, 95% confidence interval CI [0.68,0.97]). Furthermore, internalization of stigma and depressive symptoms mediated the perceived discrimination-adherence association: Serial mediation analyses revealed a significant indirect effect of perceived discrimination in healthcare settings on ART adherence, first through internalized HIV stigma, and then through depressive symptoms (B = −0.08, SE = 0.02, 95% CI [−0.12, −0.04]). Perceiving discrimination in healthcare settings may contribute to internalization of HIV-related stigma, which in turn may lead to depressive symptoms, with downstream adverse effects on ART adherence among women. These findings can guide the design of interventions to reduce discrimination in healthcare settings, as well as interventions targeting psychosocial mechanisms that may impact the ability of women living with HIV to adhere to ART regimens.

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Experiences of women in obtaining human immunodeficiency virus testing and healthcare services

Cited by 19 publications

References 23 publications

Understanding and Responding to HIV/AIDS Stigma and Disclosure: An International Challenge for Mental Health Nurses

Understanding and Responding to HIV/AIDS Stigma and Disclosure: An International Challenge for Mental Health Nurses

College students and HIV testing: cognitive, emotional self-efficacy, motivational and communication factors

Association between Perceived Discrimination in Healthcare Settings and HIV Medication Adherence: Mediating Psychosocial Mechanisms

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