Experiences of stigma among hepatitis B and C patients in Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan

Rafique, Ibrar; Saqib, Muhammad Arif Nadeem; Siddiqui, Shajee; Munir, Muhammad; Qureshi, Huma; Javed, Najma; Naz, Sumera; Tirmazi, I Z

doi:10.26719/2014.20.12.796

Cited by 36 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Our study showed that three-fourths of Chinese CHB patients experienced discrimination because of their hepatitis B infection, and that many suffered severe discrimination [ 7 , 17 – 19 ]. The experience of discrimination was associated with strongly negative feelings and mental stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The experience of discrimination of individuals living with chronic hepatitis B in four provinces of China

et al. 2018

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ObjectivesTo assess chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients’ knowledge about hepatitis B and their experience of discrimination with regard to study, work, and daily life.MethodsWe administered a questionnaire to 797 CHB patients in four provinces of China and used one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a generalized linear model (GLM) to identify factors associated with discrimination.ResultsCHB patients had low levels of knowledge about hepatitis B. Patients under 40 years of age with a junior college education or above knew more about hepatitis B than CHB patients over 40 years of age who had only a high school education. Three-fourths of patients had experienced discrimination because of their hepatitis B infection, with no differences in the proportion experiencing discrimination by sex or age. People with more education reported less discrimination. Patients in Beijing and Henan province perceived less discrimination than those in Shaanxi and Guangdong provinces. Discrimination was significantly associated with negative emotions. CHB patients had little awareness of China’s anti-discrimination laws and policies. Among patients who had experienced discrimination, fewer than 10% knew organizations or institutions that could offer help. Over 60% of CHB patients who experienced discrimination chose not to respond.ConclusionCHB patients in China commonly experienced discrimination, which was associated with significant, negative emotional stress. To mitigate the damaging effects of discrimination, our study suggests raising general population knowledge about hepatitis B, raising awareness of the availability of legal protection and organizations that can fight discrimination, and providing psychological support for CHB patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The experience of discrimination of individuals living with chronic hepatitis B in four provinces of China

et al. 2018

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“…The attitudes towards CHD surgical scarring in our study findings were unique. Unlike a study from Canada where the majority of adolescents with CHD were comfortable disclosing their condition without the fear of being stigmatised [39], CHD is a source of stigma in Pakistan [40,41]. Genetic diseases are negatively perceived [41], primarily due to decreased prospects for marriageability and in part due to a fear of genetic transmission to the next generation [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Exploring the influence of socio-cultural factors and environmental resources on the health related quality of life of children and adolescents after congenital heart disease surgery: parental perspectives from a low middle income country

Ladak

Gallagher

Hasan

et al. 2020

J Patient Rep Outcomes

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Background: Health related quality of life (HRQOL) is an important indicator of long-term well-being, influenced by environmental factors such as family, culture, societal norms and available resources. This study aimed to explore parental perspectives on the influence of socio-cultural factors and environmental resources on the HRQOL of children and adolescents after congenital heart disease (CHD) surgery. Methods: Using a descriptive, qualitative design, semi-structured interviews of children/adolescents who had CHD surgery in this low-middle income country (LMIC) were collected between July to December 2017. There were 20 families enrolled, which included 18 parent dyads (mother and father) and two single mothers, making a total of 38 participants. Initial inductive analysis was further refined using the Social Ecological Model as an analytic lens. Results: At the intrapersonal level, unrealistic expectations of surgery, residual CHD symptoms and difficulty maintaining educational progress were of great concern. There were low levels of health literacy and understanding about CHD among family and friends, however, strong kinship ties were an important resource at the interpersonal level. These families lived in poverty and mothers often carried the sole burden of care for their sick children. At the institutional level, there were unclear expectations of the child's needs at school, and parents had poor access to psychological, family-planning and genetic counselling, and poor access to CHD education resources. At a sociocultural level, religion and trust in God were important coping factors, however, CHD was a gendered experience with particular concerns around scarring and the marriageability of girls. Parents noted the deficit of antenatal and specialist CHD services and felt the consequence of a lack of a universal health care system at the public policy level.

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“…There is persistent rise in toll of infected patients. This can be correlated with poor hygienic living conditions, overcrowding and lack of awareness regarding spread of communicable diseases [12,13]. Overall prevalence of HCV is reported to be 6% with range from 3% to 6% [14], but reported to be much higher in interior Sindh as compared to other parts of country [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of HCV NS5A in Patients Receiving Interferon Therapy

Jawaid¹

2018

VVOA

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In our country Pakistan, despite intensive awareness, treatment and prevention programs by public sector and NGO's, rapidly increasing rate of HCV infection has evolved as an epidemic over last decade. Genotype 3a predominantly found in Pakistan. The objective of this study was to analyze structural changes in NS5A region of HCV 3a genome and the subsequent possible outcome. We included five hundred patients in our study. Results of 12 selected samples being presented here. The gender selection was random, ratio of male to female patients was nearly equal. The study was performed in Department of Biotechnology, University of Karachi where nested PCR of HCV seropositive isolates was performed. Other lab parameters were carried out in Rahila Diagnostic Research and Reference lab (pvt) Ltd; including qualitative & quantitative RT-PCR and genotyping. We analyzed NS5A region in the span of residues (2213-2352)including the ISDR, PKRBD & short sequence outside PKRBD (2281-2335). Multiple mutations have been found. The most notable substitutions found in this region was Proline to Leucine (P2274L). The peptide epitopes in NS5A have been studied abroad in the context of vaccine development against HCV. Effective vaccine development is the major demand in healthcare field for therapy & prevention of HCV. Our study on HCV genotype 3a along with other peer research work in our country and other parts of world would provide new parameters and better understanding of structural changes in NS5A region of HCV genome that would be helpful to modulate therapeutic approach and vaccine preparation against Hepatitis C virus. In addition, it demonstrates the importance of application of bioinformatics tools for the study of proteins that are difficult to be investigated by other experimental procedures.

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Experiences of stigma among hepatitis B and C patients in Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan

Cited by 36 publications

References 21 publications

The experience of discrimination of individuals living with chronic hepatitis B in four provinces of China

The experience of discrimination of individuals living with chronic hepatitis B in four provinces of China

Exploring the influence of socio-cultural factors and environmental resources on the health related quality of life of children and adolescents after congenital heart disease surgery: parental perspectives from a low middle income country

Molecular Characterization of HCV NS5A in Patients Receiving Interferon Therapy

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