Experiences of meaning in life: A combined qualitative and quantitative approach

Debats, Dominique L.; Drost, Joost; Hansen, Prartho

doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1995.tb02758.x

Cited by 158 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Westgate (1996) concluded that finding meaning in life via creative values, spirituality and attachment to other people and subjects could be very effective in treating depression [27]. Debats, Drost and Hanson [28] reported feelings of meaningfulness in connection with variables such as general satisfaction in life, happiness, self-confidence, positive views towards others and positive attitudes towards life and they found a connection between lack of meaning in life and the lack of social identity, social isolation and vulnerability. Chamberlain and Zika [29] showed a significant relationship between finding meaning in life and satisfaction in life.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the effectiveness of four group therapies in improving the quality of life in menopausal women

Jafary¹,

Afzali²

2013

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SummaryThe aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of group therapy based on meaning in life, self-efficacy, body image or the combination of the three factors in improving the quality of life in menopausal women.Material and methods: The research sample consisted of 54 menopausal women (45-55 years) selected from women's associations at cultural centers in Tehran. There were four experimental groups (group therapy based on meaning in life, self-efficacy, body image and a combination of the three factors) and a control group. A quality of life questionnaire (sf-36) was used as a pre-test, post-test and follow-up test (3 months after group therapy) measure in each of the five groups. The group therapy sessions for the experimental groups were held 12 times (for 3 months). Statistical analysis was performed using variance analysis tests, Schefe follow-up tests and covariance analysis.Results: Results of covariance analysis showed a significant increase in quality of life as a result of group therapy based on meaning in life (p < 0.05), group therapy based on self-efficacy (p < 0.05) and group therapy based on the combination of three factors (p < 0.01). Group therapy based on body image alone resulted in no significant changes in quality of life. Follow-up test results after the three-month period showed continuity of the results.Conclusions: Group therapy based on a combination of meaning in life, self-efficacy and body image offers a higher and more durable increase in quality of life.Key words: women, quality of life, meaning in life, self-efficacy beliefs, body image. StreszczenieCel pracy: Celem badania było porównanie skuteczności terapii grupowej opartej na sensie życia, samoocenie, wyobrażeniu własnego ciała lub kombinacji tych trzech czynników w poprawie jakości życia kobiet w wieku menopauzalnym.Materiał i metody: Badana grupa objęła 54 menopauzalnych kobiet (45-55 lat) wybranych z różnych centrów kulturowych Teheranu. Wyodrębniono 4 eksperymentalne grupy (z terapią oparta na sensie życia, samoocenie, wyobrażeniu własnego ciała i kombinacji tych 3 czynników) oraz grupę kontrolną. Zastosowano quality of life questionnaire (sf-36) przed badaniem, w jego trakcie i jako follow-up (3 miesiące po terapii grupowej) w każdej z pięciu grup. Sesje terapii grupowej odbywały się 12 razy (przez 3 miesiące). Do analizy statystycznej użyto testu analizy wariancji, testu follow-up Schefe'a i analizie kowariancji.Wyniki: Wyniki analizy kowariancji wykazały istotną poprawę jakości życia jako wynik terapii grupowej opartej na sensie życia (p < 0,05), terapii grupowej opartej na samoocenie (p < 0,05) i opartej na kombinacji trzech czynników (p < 0,01). Terapia grupowa oparta tylko na wyobrażeniu własnego ciała nie skutkowała zmianami w jakości życia. Wyniki kontrolnych testów po 3 miesiącach wykazały utrzymanie się poprawy jakości życia Wnioski: Terapia grupowa oparta na kombinacji sensu życia, samooceny i wyobrażeniu własnego ciała skutkuje wyraźniejszą i bardziej długotrwałą poprawą jakości życia.Słowa kluczowe:...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the effectiveness of four group therapies in improving the quality of life in menopausal women

Jafary¹,

Afzali²

2013

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“…Contrastingly, low levels of social connectedness have been connected to depression in older individuals (Goden et al, 2009;Ingersall-Dayton, Morgan, & Antonnucci, 1997) and other adverse feelings like isolation, maladaptive interpersonal behaviors and relationship dissatisfaction among college going adolescents (Lee et al, 2001). In sum, social connectedness has been reported to be significantly related to a sense of meaning in life while the contrary has been highlighted to be related to a sense of meaninglessness (Debats, 1995).…”

Section: Social Connectednessmentioning

confidence: 91%

Social Connectedness, Academic, Non-Academic Behaviors Related To Self-Regulation among University Students in Saudi Arabia

Jdaitawi¹

2015

IES

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Studies dedicated to examination of self-regulation posit a bi-directional association between self-regulation and other variables including social connectedness, self-efficacy and self-control. However, to date, studies of this caliber have only evidenced that self-regulation is a predictor of other variables. In the present study, the factors that predict self-regulation are examined among 209 undergraduate students in their preparatory year in the University of Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Collection of data was conducted in the school year's second semester. Based on the results, significant positive relations exist between social connectedness, self-efficacy and self-control, with self-regulation. Moreover, the results revealed that social connectedness and self-control are predictors of students' self-regulation, but not self-efficacy. Added to this, the result revealed a significant difference in the relationship between self-control and self-regulation among female students, with the other variables insignificant for both genders. Hence, it can be stated that higher education practitioners and academicians may focus on the assessment and the development of the students' skills in terms of self-regulation.

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“…4 The absence of meaning in one' s life, or meaninglessness, is often characterized as a state of alienation from self, world, and others. 19 Item content from the SIWB life scheme subscale is congruent with the concept of alienation and may share characteristics with existing alienation measures, such as the self-alienation subscale of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. 20 Self-effi cacy beliefs are well-recognized constructs within health psychology, and there are several instruments that assess this domain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Spirituality Index of Well-Being: A New Instrument for Health-Related Quality-of-Life Research

Daaleman

Frey

2004

The Annals of Family Medicine

201

116

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PURPOSE Despite considerable interest in examining spirituality in health-related quality-of-life studies, there is a paucity of instruments that measure this construct. The objective of this study was to test a valid and reliable measure of spirituality that would be useful in patient populations. METHODSWe conducted a multisite, cross-sectional survey using systematic sampling of adult outpatients at primary care clinic sites in the Kansas City metropolitan area (N = 523). We determined the instrument reliability (Cronbach's α, test-retest) and validity (confi rmatory factor analysis, convergent and discriminant validation) of the Spirituality Index of Well-Being (SIWB). RESULTSThe SIWB contains 12 items: 6 from a self-effi cacy domain and 6 from a life scheme domain. Confi rmatory factor analysis found the following fi t indices: χ 2 (54, n = 508) = 508.35, P <.001; Comparative Fit Index = .98; TuckerLewis Index = .97; root mean square error of approximation = .13. The index had the following reliability results: for the self-effi cacy subscale, α = .86 and test-retest r = 0.77; for the life scheme subscale, α = .89 and test-retest r = 0.86; and for the total scale α = .91 and test-retest r = 0.79, showing very good reliability. The SIWB had signifi cant and expected correlations with other quality-of-life instruments that measure well-being or spirituality: Zung Depression Scale (r = 0 -.42, P <.001), General Well-Being Scale (r = 0.64, P <.001), and Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWB) (r = 0.62, P <.001). There was a modest correlation between the religious well-being subscale of the SWB and the SIWB (r = 0.35, P <.001). CONCLUSIONSThe Spirituality Index of Well-Being is a valid and reliable instrument that can be used in health-related quality-of-life studies. INTRODUCTIONT here is continued interest in examining the association of religion and spirituality with health-related outcomes.1 Despite this interest, the use of small, nongeneralizable samples, confounding, and the lack of valid and reliable instruments that measure spirituality or religiosity compromise most studies in this fi eld.2 Although there is no shortage of instruments from the disciplines of sociology, psychology, and pastoral theology and chaplaincy, 3 these measures frequently are not applicable or useful in studies of individual or population health.The current study describes the development and evaluation of the Spirituality Index of Well-Being (SIWB), which was designed to measure the effect of spirituality on subjective well-being. Two assumptions guided our study design and analysis. First, we recognized that no global, yet parsimonious, instrument captures the complexity and depth of spirituality in any context, health care or otherwise. Next, based on our qualitative From a cultural and social perspective, spirituality and religion are especially salient in the lives of the elderly minority populations, 5,6 particularly within the settings of serious illness and end-of-life care.7 From a population health perspective, inc...

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Experiences of meaning in life: A combined qualitative and quantitative approach

Cited by 158 publications

References 22 publications

Comparison of the effectiveness of four group therapies in improving the quality of life in menopausal women

Comparison of the effectiveness of four group therapies in improving the quality of life in menopausal women

Social Connectedness, Academic, Non-Academic Behaviors Related To Self-Regulation among University Students in Saudi Arabia

The Spirituality Index of Well-Being: A New Instrument for Health-Related Quality-of-Life Research

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