“…As such, the reasons participants claim for taking part in the ritual are highly diverse, nuanced, and complex, which creates a spectrum of adult women's views on the practice. This means that girls' experiences with FGC and women's memories of the ritual are significantly varied, and their opinions on the continuance, abandonment, or shifting the appropriate context and type of the practice may change throughout life, especially with international immigration or into other communities that do not value FGC (Adinew & Mekete, 2017;Akinsulure-Smith & Chu, 2017;Akinsulure-Smith et al, 2018;Ali et al, 2020;Chu & Akinsulure-Smith, 2016;Bedri et al, 2019;Fedorak, 2014;Johansen, 2017;Johnson et al, 2018;Koukoui et al, 2017;Martell et al, 2020;Obiora et al, 2020;Obiora et al, 2021;Paakkanen, 2019;Shell-Duncan et al, 2021;Titilayo et al, 2018). The ritual is often universalized within literature, while in reality "female genital cutting" is an all-encompassing term that represents a vast array of practices.…”