Experienced, vicarious, and anticipated strain: An exploratory study on physical victimization and delinquency

Agnew, Robert

doi:10.1080/07418820200095371

Cited by 326 publications

(370 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Many of the main concepts pertaining to GST have been thoroughly tested, most specifically, the direct relationship between strain and delinquency. Overall, the research has consistently found a positive relationship between strain and delinquent behavior (e.g., Agnew, 2002;Agnew et al, 2002;Agnew & White, 1992;Aseltine et al, 2000;Brezina, Piquero, & Mazerolle, 2001;Hay, 2003;Paternoster & Mazerolle, 1994). Indeed, in almost every published test of GST, at least one measure of strain has been found to positively influence delinquency.…”

Section: Empirical Research On Gstmentioning

confidence: 98%

The moderating effects of religiosity on the relationship between stressful life events and delinquent behavior

Johnson

Morris

2008

Journal of Criminal Justice

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Previous research has shown that many forms of strain are positively related to delinquency. Evidence also suggests that religiosity buffers the effects of strain on offending, but this issue requires further research. Using data from a national sample of adolescents, this study examined whether or not religiosity conditioned the relationship between strain and delinquency. This study also looked at the ability of social support, self-esteem, and depression to moderate the influence of strain on delinquent behavior. The findings here lend support to general strain theory in that strain had a direct positive effect on delinquency, yet there was little evidence that the relationship was moderated by religiosity or other conditioning variables. The roles of moderating variables on strain across genders were also considered.

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Section: Empirical Research On Gstmentioning

confidence: 98%

The moderating effects of religiosity on the relationship between stressful life events and delinquent behavior

Johnson

Morris

2008

Journal of Criminal Justice

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“…Criminal coping is more likely when the individual views the strain as unjust and severe, and when the strain itself creates pressure to react in a criminal fashion. Abuse, criminal victimization, and homelessness meet this criteria (Agnew, 2001(Agnew, , 2002, and a link between victimization and crime has been noted in general population (Hay & Evans, 2006;KortButler, 2010) and homeless samples (Baron, 2009). Such chronic and repeated strains contribute to emotional problems such as anger, anxiety, and depression, which can also lead to deviant coping (Agnew, 2006).…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Victimization, Mental Health, and Protective Factors on Crime and Illicit Drug Use Among Homeless Young Adults

Tyler¹,

Kort‐Butler²,

Swendener

2014

Violence Vict

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Although research has found high rates of child maltreatment, widespread victimization, and other negative outcomes among homeless youth and young adults, resiliency among this population has largely been understudied. Specifically, a gap remains in terms of how protective factors such as self-efficacy, low deviant beliefs, and religiosity operate among homeless youth and young adults. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between various forms of victimization, mental health, and protective factors with property and violent crime and illicit drug use among homeless young adults. Results from regression analyses indicate that running away from home more frequently, experiencing more physical victimization on the street, higher levels of self-efficacy, and more deviant beliefs were associated with greater property crime. Significant correlates of violent crime included being male, running away from home more frequently, greater sexual and physical victimization on the street, higher levels of self-efficacy, and more deviant beliefs. Finally, being male, running away more frequently from home, greater child physical abuse and partner victimization, and more deviant beliefs were all associated with greater illicit drug use. Self-efficacy was positively related to both property and violent crime, suggesting that it may not operate for homeless young adults in the same manner as it does for normative populations.

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“…In general, these studies provide tentative empirical support for the idea that anticipated early death is associated with youth crime and violence (Caldwell, Wiebe, and Cleveland, 2006;DuRant et al, 1994; also see Agnew 2002;Wilson and Daly, 1997). Yet, as described below, questions remain regarding the nature of this association and whether the anticipation of early death is indeed a contributing factor to offending behavior.…”

Section: "Might Not Be a Tomorrow": A Multi-methods Approach To Anticmentioning

confidence: 93%

"Might Not Be a Tomorrow": A Multi-Methods Approach to Anticipated Early Death and Youth Crime

Brezina

Tekin

Topalli

2008

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A number of researchers point to the anticipation of early death, or a sense of "futurelessness," as a contributing factor to youth crime and violence. Young people who perceive a high probability of early death, it is argued, may have little reason to delay gratification for the promise of future benefits, as the future itself is discounted. Consequently, these young people tend to pursue high-risk behaviors associated with immediate rewards, including crime and violence. Although existing studies lend empirical support to these arguments and show a statistical relationship between anticipated early death and youth crime, this support remains tentative. Moreover, a number of questions remain regarding the interpretation of this relationship, the meanings that offenders attach to the prospect of early death, and the causal mechanisms that link anticipated early death to youth crime. In this paper, we address the limitations of previous studies using a multi-methods approach, involving the analyses of national survey data and in-depth interviews with active street offenders. "MIGHT NOT BE A TOMORROW": A MULTI-METHODS APPROACH TO ANTICIPATED EARLY DEATH AND YOUTH CRIMEPrior criminological research has served to highlight the risks of offending behavior.These risks include a number of long-term negative consequences that may accrue to offenders over the life course, including reduced life chances, poor health, and incarceration (Hagan, 1991(Hagan, , 1997Moffitt, 1993;Robins, 1966; Laub 1993, 1997;Tanner, Davies, and O'Grady, 1999). These risks also include immediate physical dangers-such as injury, paralysis, or death-that exist in the "foreground" of the criminal lifestyle and that may result from crime victim retaliation, attacks by rival offenders, or police action (Dobrin, 2001;Hoffman, 2004;Jacobs, Topalli, and Wright, 2000;McCarthy and Hagan, 2005; Sampson and Lauritsen, 2005;Topalli, Wright, and Fornango, 2002;Tremblay and Paré, 2003).At the same time, criminological research has highlighted the existence of hard-core offenders who appear to be fearless in the face of these dangers (Anderson, 1994(Anderson, , 1999Hoffman, 2004;Jacobs et al., 2000;McCarthy and Hagan, 2005;Topalli, 2005a). This population includes individuals who have experienced stabbings, shootings, or other lifethreatening injuries and yet remain undeterred from a risky and criminal lifestyle (Hoffman, 2004). In the words of one such offender, "I don't give a damn. I don't care what happens really… whether they kill us or we kill them" (Topalli and Wright, 2004: 164).To account for the fearless and uninhibited conduct of some offenders, a number of theorists have underscored the sense of hopelessness and fatalism that is said to pervade economically distressed, high-crime communities (Anderson, 1994(Anderson, , 1999Garbarino et al., 1992;Kitwana, 2002;Lorion and Saltzman, 1993;Wilson and Daly, 1997). When young people believe they have no future, it is argued, they have little to lose by engaging in crime or violence.This argument ...

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Experienced, vicarious, and anticipated strain: An exploratory study on physical victimization and delinquency

Cited by 326 publications

References 63 publications

The moderating effects of religiosity on the relationship between stressful life events and delinquent behavior

The moderating effects of religiosity on the relationship between stressful life events and delinquent behavior

The Effect of Victimization, Mental Health, and Protective Factors on Crime and Illicit Drug Use Among Homeless Young Adults

"Might Not Be a Tomorrow": A Multi-Methods Approach to Anticipated Early Death and Youth Crime

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