Experience with a Large Scale He II Refrigeration System at Tore Supra

Gravil, B.; Jager, B.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-9047-4_69

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Libyere (2005) stated that the Tore Supra cryoplant has 9 months continuous operation per calendar year, that is §270 days/year. Gravil (1994Gravil ( , 1998a stated that in the first seven and ten years of cryogenic plant operation, the system had accumulated over 45,000 and 65,000 hours, respectively -which agrees with Libyere's estimate of 75% operations in a year. Also, on March 12, 2010, the Tore Supra staff confirmed to Mr. Hamlyn-Harris that the cryogenic system has been operating with the "9 months on and 3 months off" schedule consistently.…”

Section: Insulating Break Failure Rate Calculationsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…Other literature reviewed for this task also shows no events of insulating break leakage or other failure have occurred at Tore Supra (Bon Mardion, 1988;Gravil, 1991;Claudet, 1993;Gravil, 1994;Turck, 1996;Minot, 1997;Gravil, 1998;Gravil, 1998a). Minot (1997) mentioned that the Tore Supra cryogenic system as a whole typically leaks 2Eí04 m 3 /second (200 cc/s) of gaseous helium, mainly from the compressor section, and that leakage is not attributed to faults in the insulating breaks.…”

Section: Literature Review Of Operating Experiencesmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Vacuum Bellows, Vacuum Piping, Cryogenic Break, and Copper Joint Failure Rate Estimates for ITER Design Use

Cadwallader¹

2010

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Section: Insulating Break Failure Rate Calculationsupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Literature Review Of Operating Experiencesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Vacuum Bellows, Vacuum Piping, Cryogenic Break, and Copper Joint Failure Rate Estimates for ITER Design Use

Cadwallader¹

2010

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“…The helium refrigerator, built by Air Liquide Company, supplies the cooling powers at the 3 temperature levels required by the superconducting toroidal field magnet (FIGURE 3) : P=300 W at T=1.75 K, for the refrigeration of the windings, P=700W at 4.0 K for the thick casings and 10 to 30 kW at 80 K for the thermal shields [1]. The 4.5 K refrigerator is on Claude cycle at three expander stages.…”

Section: The Cryoplantmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Tore Supra tokamak was built by the Euratom-CEA association and is established at the Cadarache Research Center which is located in the South East of France [1]. It is a medium-sized tokamak (plasma major radius = 2.25 m, plasma minor radius = 0.70 m, magnetic field on the axis = 4.5 T, maximum plasma current =1.7 MA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The TORE SUPRA Cryogenic System Behaviour During Long Plasma Discharges with a High Injected Energy

Henry¹,

Hertout²,

Journeaux³

et al. 2006

AIP Conference Proceedings

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After the CIEL project completion including the upgrade of the plasma facing components and the water cooling system, the superconducting Tore Supra Tokamak achieved a world record of injected energy (1.1 GJ), during long duration (6 min) plasma discharges, which was enabled by the upgrade of the transfer system capacities, but also by the steady state toroidal field. The Tore Supra cryogenic refrigerator enables the toroidal field coils to be operated at nominal current along the full daily plasma operation shift. It has capacities of 300 W at 1.8 K, 750 W at 4.5 K and 30 kW at 80 K and was operated with a high reliability for more than 16 years. After a brief recall on the cryogenic refrigeration of the toroidal superconducting magnet, the distribution of the heat loads at the various levels of temperature (in standby mode 150W at 1.8 K and 200W at 4.5 K) is presented. The inventory of the calculated static and variable heat loads deposited within each part of toroidal field coils and thermal shields, is given with the factors of dependence. This analysis identifies and quantifies the major magnetic disturbances like a disruption (about 12 kJ onto the coils and 300 kJ onto the thick casings) which generate additional heat loads for the refrigerator.The measurements associated with the He II saturated bath pumping system, and the supercritical helium loop cooling the thick casings, allow us to verify thereafter the behaviour of the cryo-refrigerator during the long duration discharges, and the compliance with the theoretical model.The conclusions bring results also applicable to the cyoplant of future plant like ITER which will operate with long duration discharges.

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“…From the results, it is expected that the designed magnetic field of 3 T will be achieved in case of LHD if the helical coils will be cooled down with subcooled helium [5]. Two cold compressors were installed in the cooling system of the R&D coil to lower supplied helium temperature [6]. It is very important that these two cold compressors are operated stably and safely.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of cold compressors in a cooling system of an R&D superconducting coil cooled with subcooled helium

Hamaguchi¹,

Imagawa²,

Yanagi³

et al. 2006

Fusion Engineering and Design

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Experience with a Large Scale He II Refrigeration System at Tore Supra

Cited by 13 publications

References 4 publications

Vacuum Bellows, Vacuum Piping, Cryogenic Break, and Copper Joint Failure Rate Estimates for ITER Design Use

Vacuum Bellows, Vacuum Piping, Cryogenic Break, and Copper Joint Failure Rate Estimates for ITER Design Use

The TORE SUPRA Cryogenic System Behaviour During Long Plasma Discharges with a High Injected Energy

Performance of cold compressors in a cooling system of an R&D superconducting coil cooled with subcooled helium

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