Experience of the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA

Sutherland, David E.R.; Goetz, F. C.; Moudry, K. C.; Nagarian, J. S.

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-1083-6_28

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…(b) Cathode surface (ABC) and anode surface (DE). According to Huang's assumption [9,12], the current density j s near the cathode spot is assumed to have an exponential profile as…”

Section: Boundary Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, where ξ 0 and ξ s are the assumed centre and end position of arc attachment, respectively, and j max is the assumed maximum current density at the arc spot. Then, the constant b in the above equation can be obtained from I = Aspot j s (ξ ) dA, where I and A spot are the input current and assumed spot area, respectively [9,12].…”

Section: Boundary Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As pointed out in [2], the current density profile at the cathode attachment in the WTC torch is more constricted than that in the RTC one. In this numerical paper, the maximum current density j max and cathode attachment radius |ξ 0 − ξ s | are set to be 7 × 10 7 A m −2 and 3 mm, respectively, for the RTC torch [12], while 9 × 10 7 A m −2 and 2 mm for the WTC one. The position of cathode spots in the WTC torches varies with operating conditions due to their cylindrical electrode shape in contrast to the conical cathode tip of RTC torches.…”

Section: Boundary Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative analysis of turbulent effects on thermal plasma characteristics inside the plasma torches with rod- and well-type cathodes

Hur¹,

Hong²

2002

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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The thermal plasma characteristics inside the two non-transferred plasma torches with rod-type cathode (RTC) and well-type cathode (WTC) are analysed in conjunction with turbulent effects on them in the atmospheric-pressure conditions. A control volume method and a modified semi-implicit pressure linked equations revised algorithm are used for solving the governing equations, i.e. conservation equations of mass, momentum, and energy together with a current continuity equation for arc discharge. A cold flow analysis is introduced to find the cathode spot position in the WTC torch, and both the laminar and turbulent models are employed to gain a physical insight into the turbulent effects on the thermal plasma characteristics produced inside the two torches. The numerical analysis for an RTC torch shows that slightly different values of plasma temperature and velocity between the laminar and turbulent calculations occur and the radial temperature profiles are constricted at the axis with increasing the gas flow rate, and that the large turbulent viscosities appear mostly near the anode wall. These calculated results indicate that the turbulent effects on the thermal plasma characteristics are very weak in the whole discharge region inside the RTC torch. On the other hand, the calculated results of the two numerical simulations for a WTC torch present that the significantly different values of plasma characteristics between the two models appear in the whole torch region and the plasma temperatures decrease with increasing the gas flow rate because the relatively strong turbulent effects are prevailing in the entire interior region of the WTC torch. From the comparisons of plasma net powers calculated and measured in this work, the turbulent modelling turns out to provide the more accurately calculated results close to the measured ones compared with the laminar one, especially for the torch with WTC. This is because the turbulent effects are considerably strong in the WTC torch and subsequently govern the thermal plasma characteristics inside it.

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“…(b) Cathode surface (ABC) and anode surface (DE). According to Huang's assumption [9,12], the current density j s near the cathode spot is assumed to have an exponential profile as…”

Section: Boundary Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Boundary Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Boundary Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Comparative analysis of turbulent effects on thermal plasma characteristics inside the plasma torches with rod- and well-type cathodes

Hur¹,

Hong²

2002

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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“…The amplitude of the capillary wave fluctuations of a droplet is determined by the interfacial tension, σ. Using the parametrization r(φ) = r 0 1 + ∞ k=−∞ u k exp(ikφ) and choosing u 0 to fix the area of the droplet (to model an incompressible fluid),it can be shown that[26]…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesoscopic model for the fluctuating hydrodynamics of binary and ternary mixtures

Tüzel¹,

Pan²,

Ihle³

et al. 2007

Europhys. Lett.

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Abstract. -A recently introduced particle-based model for fluid dynamics with continuous velocities is generalized to model immiscible binary mixtures. Excluded volume interactions between the two components are modeled by stochastic multiparticle collisions which depend on the local velocities and densities. Momentum and energy are conserved locally, and entropically driven phase separation occurs for high collision rates. An explicit expression for the equation of state is derived, and the concentration dependence of the bulk free energy is shown to be the same as that of the Widom-Rowlinson model. Analytic results for the phase diagram are in excellent agreement with simulation data. Results for the line tension obtained from the analysis of the capillary wave spectrum of a droplet agree with measurements based on the Laplace's equation. The introduction of "amphiphilic" dimers makes it possible to model the phase behavior and dynamics of ternary surfactant mixtures.Introduction. -Hydrodynamic interactions and thermal fluctuations play a crucial role in a wide range of phenomena in soft matter physics and molecular and cellular biology. Because of the complexity of these systems, simulations have played an essential role in much of the research in these areas. In fact, the wide range of length and time scales in these problems places severe requirements on simulation protocol, and has lead to the development of several new coarse-grained, mesoscale simulation techniques such as lattice gas automata [1], the lattice Boltzmann method [2], dissipative particle dynamics [3,4], smoothed particle hydrodynamics [5], and a newer approach variously called multi-particle collision dynamics or stochastic rotation dynamics (SRD) [6]. The basic motivation of all these approaches is to coarse-grain out irrelevant atomistic details while correctly incorporating the essential physics and conservation laws. SRD has several attractive features which have lead to its use in studies ranging from sedimentation in colloidal suspensions [7] to the dynamic behavior of polymers in solution [8,9] and vesicles in flow [10]. In particular, it enables simulations in the microcanonical ensemble while fully incorporating both hydrodynamic interactions and thermal fluctuations; in addition, because SRD is a particle-based method, the coupling to colloidal particles, polymers, or other aggregates is straightforward, and the Brownian motion of these embedded objects is realized in a very natural way-through random collisions with the solvent particles. Finally, the simplicity of the algorithm has made it possible to obtain accurate analytic expressions for the transport coefficients [11][12][13].

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“…In a homogenized landscape of big-box stores, chain restaurants, and a lack of a third place, Americans often experience placelessness [57][58][59]. As a result, a space-such as undeveloped land that is not the primary residence in this case-is used to (re)create place through placemaking and place meanings [52,60,61]. Studies have linked environmental volunteerism and stewardship with individuals who have a greater sense of place [62].…”

Section: A Place Attachment Approach To Understand Absentee Landowner...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Redefining Absentee: Towards Understanding Place Attachment and Stewardship in Non-Residential Landowners in Texas, USA

Lopez,

Spears,

Hartwick

et al. 2024

Geographies

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Approximately 30% of the private land in Texas, USA is under absentee ownership. Understanding who absentee landowners are and their land management behaviors is vital for the protection of privately owned landscapes and the ecosystem services that they support, including surface water quality. By focusing on absentee landowners with properties in five watersheds in Texas, we utilized the theory of place attachment to gain insights into absentee landowners’ land management decisions and their involvement in water quality conservation programs, such as watershed protection plans (WPPs). By conducting a mail-out survey, we obtained 100 responses, which were analyzed using an exploratory factor analysis and a series of nonparametric assessments. The results revealed that, contrary to the term “absentee”, the landowners in our study demonstrated strong feelings of place attachment and heightened land stewardship. Based on these findings, we suggest that instead of considering absentee landowners as obstacles to collaborative conservation initiatives, such as WPPs, natural resource practitioners should recognize and capitalize on the emotional attachment that these landowners have to their properties, thereby fostering their involvement. By demonstrating the owner–land relationship and its behavioral outcomes among absentee landowners, this study provides a novel contribution to the existing literature on place attachment in the context of private land management and conservation.

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Experience of the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

Comparative analysis of turbulent effects on thermal plasma characteristics inside the plasma torches with rod- and well-type cathodes

Comparative analysis of turbulent effects on thermal plasma characteristics inside the plasma torches with rod- and well-type cathodes

Mesoscopic model for the fluctuating hydrodynamics of binary and ternary mixtures

Redefining Absentee: Towards Understanding Place Attachment and Stewardship in Non-Residential Landowners in Texas, USA

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