Experience of German Red Cross blood donor services with nucleic acid testing: results of screening more than 30 million blood donations for human immunodeficiency virus‐1, hepatitis C virus, and hepatitis B virus

Hourfar, M. K.; Jork, Christine; Schottstedt, Volkmar; Weber‐Schehl, Marijke; Brixner, V.; Busch, Michael P.; Geusendam, G.; Gubbe, Knut; Mahnhardt, Christina; Mayr-Wohlfart, U.; Pichl, Lutz; Roth, W. Kurt; Schmidt, Michael; Seifried, Erhard; Wright, David J.

doi:10.1111/j.1537-2995.2008.01718.x

Cited by 176 publications

(157 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Overestimations in daily contacts were similarly shown in studies of German (8) and British (12) nurses and nursing students. Getting a single blood transfusion was assessed by about 60% of the participants as a relevant risk for transmission of HIV infection although the residual risk of contracting during a blood transfusion is scientifically estimated at 1 to 4.3 million (27). However, these results are consistent with findings among nurses in Great Britain (9).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Awareness of HIV Transmission Risks and Determinants of Sexual Behaviour: Descriptive and Multivariate Analyses among German Nursing Students

Jacob¹,

Lindeman

Klewer

et al. 2016

Cent Eur J Public Health

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SUMMARYBackground and Aim: Nursing students play a crucial role in sexual health education. Evidence suggests, however, that nursing students had several gaps in their knowledge of HIV transmission. This study investigates how nursing students in Germany assess the potential risks of spreading HIV in defined situations and which factors influence the self-expressed sexual behaviour patterns of these students.Methods: A standardized anonymous questionnaire was administered to a sample (N = 617) of nursing students in 2008 and 2013. The survey was conducted during lessons, resulting in a response rate of 100%.Results: For 17.4% of the students, assistance with personal hygiene was associated with higher HIV transmission risk. Also, changing dirty linen (17.6%) and physical examination (14.1%) were also noted similarly risky. The average age of first sexual intercourse was 15.5 years and the number of lifetime sexual partners was 4.3. The higher the average number of lifetime sexual partners, the higher the likelihood to use condoms only sometimes or never (OR 1.11). Forty students reported an unintended pregnancy. The likelihood to be unintentionally pregnant was six times higher among students aged 25 years or older (OR 6.16).Conclusions: The results clearly show that students overestimated HIV transmission risks in most of the situations encountered during health services provided by nurses, but overall sexual health behaviour indicated rather less risky behaviour. Nonetheless, the relatively high rate of unintended pregnancies is quite concerning. The findings underline the need for stronger integration of HIV and sexual education in the curricula of nursing schools in Germany.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Awareness of HIV Transmission Risks and Determinants of Sexual Behaviour: Descriptive and Multivariate Analyses among German Nursing Students

Jacob¹,

Lindeman

Klewer

et al. 2016

Cent Eur J Public Health

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“…Thus, the PCR test increases the chances of early detection and decreases morbidity and mortality due to post transfusion infections (e.g. (Stramer et al, 2004;Hourfar et al, 2008). The PCR method can also be used during the window period.…”

Section: Blood Screening Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The exact figures of costs to hospitals of acquiring and processing blood in the US and a survey of hospital-based blood banks and transfusion services are well detailed in (Toner et al, 2011); the annual costs of blood transfusion in the UK are presented in (Varney and Guest, 2003); the cost of blood transfusion in Western Europe from five countries (UK, Sweden, Switzerland, Austria and France) is detailed in (Abraham and Sun, 2012;Schottstedt et al, 1998;Chiavetta et al, 2003;Jackson et al, 2003;AuBuchon, 2003;Stramer et al, 2004;Marshall et al, 2004;Hourfar et al, 2008;Ghandforoush and Sen, 2010;Stramer et al, 2011). Details are omitted for brevity.…”

Section: Blood Screening Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If a blood sample is found clean from both of the stations, then it is stored and ready to be used. Batches found contaminated at ELISA and items found contaminated at PCR, are discarded and not used for blood transfusions (c.f., (Bish et al, 2011;Chick, 1996;Chiavetta et al, 2003;Gastwirth and Johnson, 1994;Hammick and Gastwirth, 1994;Hanson et al, 2006;Hourfar et al, 2008;Jackson et al, 2003;Kantanen et al, 1996;Litvak et al, 1994;Monzon et al, 1991;Schottstedt et al, 1998;Steiner et al, 2010;Stramer et al, 2004;2011;Wein and Zenios, 1996;Zhu et al, 2001).…”

Section: Blood Screening Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Stochastic Approach to Blood Supply, Demand and Screening in Central Blood Banks - A Review

Bar‐Lev¹

2017

Current Research in Biostatistics

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Abstract:One of the major issues in securing blood supply to patients worldwide is to provide blood of the best achievable quality, in the needed quantities. Central Blood Services (CBS's) worldwide are daily faced with the problem how to satisfy demands for blood from various hospitals. These hospitals, in their turn, are faced with the problem how to satisfy demands for blood from their patients. To solve these problems in a costeffective way is notoriously difficult, because (i) the amounts of available blood and of blood demand are random, (ii) blood can only be used during a limited amount of time, (iii) one must distinguish various blood components (red blood cells, plasma and platelets) with different associated costs and perishability and (iv) one must distinguish persons with different blood types (like AB + and O − ) with different capabilities to act as donor or as recipient. In this review paper we provide the subject background, describing the blood characteristics and the operation of CBS and hospital blood banks. In particular we describe blood demand, blood components and blood types. We depict blood screening procedures and their processing times and provide with some real data. Particularly we describe a stochastic approach to blood screening and inventory. An emphasis will be given to inventory management and blood allocation, stochastic imput-output of the inventory system and some cost functions involved.

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“…• Turquoise points -for five-iteration strategies (only one point, corresponding to successive batch sizes 64, 32,16,8,4).…”

Section: Case IIImentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycled incomplete identification procedures for blood screening

Bar‐Lev

Boxma

Kleiner

et al. 2017

European Journal of Operational Research

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The operation of blood bank systems is characterized by two crucial factors: testing procedures and perishability. We propose a new testing procedure that we term Recycled Incomplete Identification Procedure (RIIP). In RIIP, groups of pooled blood units which are found contaminated in a so-called ELISA test are divided into smaller subgroups and again group-tested by ELISA, and so forth, until finally a so-called PCR test is conducted for those subgroups which are found clean. We analyze and optimize the performance of RIIP, maximizing the profit associated with the procedure. Our numerical results suggest that it may indeed be profitable to do several cycles at ELISA.

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Experience of German Red Cross blood donor services with nucleic acid testing: results of screening more than 30 million blood donations for human immunodeficiency virus‐1, hepatitis C virus, and hepatitis B virus

Abstract: The risk of a blood recipient becoming infected with HCV, HIV-1, or HBV has reached an extremely low level. Introduction of individual donation testing for HCV and HIV-1 would have a marginal effect on interception of WP donations.

Cited by 176 publications

References 41 publications

Awareness of HIV Transmission Risks and Determinants of Sexual Behaviour: Descriptive and Multivariate Analyses among German Nursing Students

Awareness of HIV Transmission Risks and Determinants of Sexual Behaviour: Descriptive and Multivariate Analyses among German Nursing Students

A Stochastic Approach to Blood Supply, Demand and Screening in Central Blood Banks - A Review

Recycled incomplete identification procedures for blood screening

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