Experience-dependent structural plasticity in the adult brain: How the learning brain grows

Schmidt, S.; Gull, Sidra; Herrmann, Karl‐Heinz; Boehme, Marcus; Irintchev, Andrey; Urbach, Anja; Reichenbach, J. R.; Klingner, Carsten M.; Gaser, Christian; Witte, Otto W.

doi:10.1101/2020.09.01.277467

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…In most cross‐sectional studies, healthy controls are not divided into young‐aged and middle‐aged subgroups because the adult brain is thought stable during adulthood. However, neuroplasticity could also cause obvious structural alterations in matured brain (Kwok et al, 2011; Schmidt et al, 2021; Ziegler et al, 2012), therefore, age‐specific structural changes in healthy controls should not be neglected. In current study, widespread structural changes were found between young‐aged and middle‐aged healthy controls (Figure S2), demonstrating a nonuniform structural pattern in healthy controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In total 83 HIV subjects, 17 subjects had no history of taking drugs, and 3 subjects took medication less than 10 days, who were excluded for further analysis. Sixty‐three patients with HIV infection were finally enrolled, and underwent the cART consisting of tenofovir/lamivudine/efavirenz or tenofovir/lamivudine/lopinavir/ritonavir, which resulted in the same CNS penetration effectiveness score for each subject (Eggers et al, 2017; Schmidt et al, 2021). Table 2 listed the detailed information of subjects in each subgroup.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human immune deficiency virus‐related structural alterations in the brain are dependent on age

Zhao

Chen

et al. 2021

Human Brain Mapping

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Currently, it is still unknown whether human immune deficiency virus (HIV)‐related structural alterations in the brain are dependent on age. With people living with HIV at different ages, we aim to investigate age‐specific structural alterations in HIV patients. Eighty‐three male HIV patients and eighty‐three age‐matched male controls were enrolled, and high‐resolution T1 weighted images were collected and analyzed with four morphological metrics. Then, statistical analyses were respectively conducted to ascertain HIV effects, age effects, and medication effects in brain structure of HIV patients, and the relationship with neuropsychological evaluations were further explored. Finally, discriminative performances of these structural abnormalities were quantitatively testified with three machine learning models. Compared with healthy controls, HIV patients displayed lower gray matter volumes (GMV), lower gyrification index, deeper sulcus depth, and larger cortical thickness (CTH). Age‐specific differences were found in GMV and CTH: young‐aged HIV patients displayed more obvious morphological alterations than middle‐aged HIV patients when comparing corresponding age‐matched healthy controls. Furthermore, age‐specific long‐term medication effect of combination antiretroviral therapy were also presented. Additionally, several subcortical structural changes were negatively associated with language, attention and motor functions. Finally, three machine learning models demonstrated young‐aged HIV patients were easier to be recognized than middle‐aged HIV patients. Our study indicated young‐aged HIV patients were more vulnerable to HIV infection in brain structure than middle‐aged patients, and future studies should not ignore the age effect in studying the HIV‐related abnormalities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human immune deficiency virus‐related structural alterations in the brain are dependent on age

Zhao

Chen

et al. 2021

Human Brain Mapping

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“…For instance, plasticity in normally functioning brain is a prerequisite basis of learning and memory that involves plastic adaptation such as long-term potentiation (LTP). This is opposed to plastic changes observed using MRI in cerebral stroke pathology, that involves modification in intracortical myelin, augmented neurogenesis, improved spine density in neuronal dendrites and alterations in astrocyte volume [64].…”

Section: Concept Of Recovery After Post Stroke Cerebral Damagementioning

confidence: 72%

Cerebral Damage after Stroke: The Role of Neuroplasticity as Key for Recovery

Muhammad¹,

Hassan²

2021

Cerebral and Cerebellar Cortex – Interaction and Dynamics in Health and Disease

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Stroke remains global health care problem that constitutes world’s second-leading perpetrator of mortality and third most pronounced cause of all disabilities. The hallmark of cerebral stroke is the persistent loss of cerebral function consequence of abnormality of the blood supply. The ultimate goal of stroke care is to recover and maximize the cerebral functions lost due to the cerebral damage. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of cerebral damage after stroke is fundamental to comprehension of mechanisms of recovery following stroke, as well as key towards eliminating devastating human disability as a result of stroke. Therapeutic strategies aim to harness and enhance neuroplasticity offers reasonable level of hope towards maximizing recovery from post stroke impairments. This paper therefore, highlighted the mechanism of cerebral damage after stroke as well as elucidates the concept of neuroplasticity as key for recovery following stroke.

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“…Rehabilitation is known to improve cognitive functions of patients [42]. Neuroplasticity, that is, the adaptive changes of structural and functional neural circuitry in terms of molecular, synaptic, and cellular changes, is commonly cited as a potential explanation for the cognitive and functional recovery [57,62]. Although axonal sprouting and functional rewiring post TBI is reported [7,40], the underlying mechanism of change in white matter structural connectivity over time at the network level is still unclear [76].…”

Section: Revisiting Structural Plasticity In Tbimentioning

confidence: 99%

Connectomic Assessment of Injury Burden and Longitudinal Structural Network Alterations in Moderate-to-severe Traumatic Brain Injury

Osmanlıoğlu

Parker

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health problem. Caused by external mechanical forces, a major characteristic of TBI is the shearing of axons across the white matter, which causes structural connectivity disruptions between brain regions. This diffuse injury leads to cognitive deficits, frequently requiring rehabilitation. Heterogeneity is another characteristic of TBI as severity and cognitive sequelae of the disease have a wide variation across patients, posing a big challenge for treatment. Thus, measures assessing network-wide structural connectivity disruptions in TBI are necessary to quantify injury burden of individuals, which would help in achieving personalized treatment, patient monitoring, and rehabilitation planning. Despite TBI being a disconnectivity syndrome, connectomic assessment of structural disconnectivity has been very scarce. In this study, we propose a novel connectomic measure that we call network anomaly score (NAS) to capture the integrity of structural connectivity in TBI patients by leveraging two major characteristics of the disease: diffuseness of axonal injury and heterogeneity of the disease. Over a longitudinal cohort of moderate-to-severe TBI patients, we demonstrate that structural network topology of patients are more heterogeneous and are significantly different than that of healthy controls at 3 months post-injury, where dissimilarity further increases up to 12 months. We also show that NAS captures injury burden as quantified by post-traumatic amnesia and that alterations in the structural brain network is not related to cognitive recovery. Finally we compare NAS to major graph theory measures used in TBI literature and demonstrate the superiority of NAS in characterizing the disease.

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Experience-dependent structural plasticity in the adult brain: How the learning brain grows

Cited by 6 publications

References 74 publications

Human immune deficiency virus‐related structural alterations in the brain are dependent on age

Human immune deficiency virus‐related structural alterations in the brain are dependent on age

Cerebral Damage after Stroke: The Role of Neuroplasticity as Key for Recovery

Connectomic Assessment of Injury Burden and Longitudinal Structural Network Alterations in Moderate-to-severe Traumatic Brain Injury

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