Experience-dependent changes in cerebral activation during human REM sleep

Maquet, Pierre; Laureys, Steven; Peigneux, Philippe; Fuchs, Sonia; Petiau, C; Phillips, Christophe; Aerts, Joël; Fiore, Guy Del; Degueldre, Christian; Meulemans, Thierry; Luxen, André; Franck, Georges; Linden, Martial Van der; Smith, Carlyle; Cleeremans, Axel

doi:10.1038/77744

Cited by 638 publications

(409 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Several motor regions are activated during REM sleep including primary motor and premotor cortices, as well as the cerebellum and basal ganglia (Braun et al, 1997;Maquet et al, 2000). These results are in line with the motor content of dreams, and also with the observation that patients with REM sleep behavior disorder typically exhibit a large range of motor behaviors while enacting their dreams (Oudiette et al, 2009;Schenck, Bundlie, Ettinger, & Mahowald, 1986).…”

Section: Distribution Of Brain Activity During Rem Sleepsupporting

confidence: 70%

Cognitive and emotional processes during dreaming: A neuroimaging view

Desseilles

Dang‐Vu

Sterpenich

et al. 2011

Consciousness and Cognition

137

121

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a b s t r a c tDream is a state of consciousness characterized by internally-generated sensory, cognitive and emotional experiences occurring during sleep. Dream reports tend to be particularly abundant, with complex, emotional, and perceptually vivid experiences after awakenings from rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. This is why our current knowledge of the cerebral correlates of dreaming, mainly derives from studies of REM sleep. Neuroimaging results show that REM sleep is characterized by a specific pattern of regional brain activity. We demonstrate that this heterogeneous distribution of brain activity during sleep explains many typical features in dreams. Reciprocally, specific dream characteristics suggest the activation of selective brain regions during sleep. Such an integration of neuroimaging data of human sleep, mental imagery, and the content of dreams is critical for current models of dreaming; it also provides neurobiological support for an implication of sleep and dreaming in some important functions such as emotional regulation.

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Section: Distribution Of Brain Activity During Rem Sleepsupporting

confidence: 70%

Cognitive and emotional processes during dreaming: A neuroimaging view

Desseilles

Dang‐Vu

Sterpenich

et al. 2011

Consciousness and Cognition

137

121

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Peak coordinates in these areas are less than 12 mm from previously published brain areas that activated more during REM sleep in the Probabilistic than in the Control group and also during SRT practice in the Wake group (see Table 6 in Maquet et al, 2000). Slight shifts of the location of peak activation sites were expected due to the transition from a fixed-effect analysis in the Maquet et al (2000) study to a random-effect analysis in the present study.…”

Section: Brain Imagingmentioning

confidence: 39%

Learned material content and acquisition level modulate cerebral reactivation during posttraining rapid-eye-movements sleep

et al. 2003

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“…There is evidence for a role of REM in the selective consolidation of emotional memories [45,46] and in consolidation of procedural memory [47,48]. There is also limited evidence for involvement of REM in integration or abstraction [10,47] particularly when experienced synergistically with SWS [49]. Furthermore, connectionist modelling has suggested an elegant mechanism by which REM could strengthen weak memories [50].…”

Section: Why Sleep?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Overlapping memory replay during sleep builds cognitive schemata

Lewis

Durrant

2011

Trends in Cognitive Sciences

427

437

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Sleep enhances integration across multiple stimuli, abstraction of general rules, insight into hidden solutions and false memory formation. Newly learned information is better assimilated if compatible with an existing cognitive framework or schema. This article proposes a mechanism by which the reactivation of newly learned memories during sleep could actively underpin both schema formation and the addition of new knowledge to existing schemata. Under this model, the overlapping replay of related memories selectively strengthens shared elements. Repeated reactivation of memories in different combinations progressively builds schematic representations of the relationships between stimuli. We argue that this selective strengthening forms the basis of cognitive abstraction, and explain how it facilitates insight and false memory formation.What's the gist? I do not remember many details about childhood birthday parties. There was one when we played blind man's bluff, and another with cucumber sandwiches, but in general these affairs blur together under the broad heading of birthdays. About this category I have much information: I know the parties involved hordes of children, that there were presents and invariably a cake. However, which birthday belonged to whom, and exactly what was done there escapes me. This is unsurprising as chronologically old memories rarely include clear episodic details but these aspects of a situation or memory type that are repeated again and again are normally recalled with ease. Central shared concepts of this type can be thought of as the 'gist' (see Glossary), or essential features, of a set of memories, and taken together can form a cognitive framework of expectations or schema (Box 1). This article proposes a physiological mechanism by which memory replay during sleep could be responsible for the abstraction of gist information from newly encoded memories to form cognitive schemata.Recent research has shown that sleep facilitates abstraction of gist information [1][2][3][4][5] as well as integration across multiple memories [6][7][8], insight into hidden solutions [9], and even the ability to make creative connections between distantly related ideas and concepts [10]. These findings build upon a strong body of work demonstrating that sleep plays a crucial role in memory consolidation (for reviews [11][12][13]), as well as a highly influential model of how memories are re-organised and strengthened by replay during slow wave sleep (SWS) (see [11,12,[14][15][16][17] and Box 2). This model elegantly explains how the specific physiology of SWS, in combination with the replay of memories that has been observed in both rats and humans during this sleep stage (Box 3), could assist consolidation by transferring memories from a short-term store in the hippocampus to longer term cortical representations. Importantly, however, this model cannot presently explain why sleep is beneficial for gist extraction, insight or the formation of false memories.A separate line of research investigating th...

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Experience-dependent changes in cerebral activation during human REM sleep

Cited by 638 publications

References 42 publications

Cognitive and emotional processes during dreaming: A neuroimaging view

Cognitive and emotional processes during dreaming: A neuroimaging view

Learned material content and acquisition level modulate cerebral reactivation during posttraining rapid-eye-movements sleep

Overlapping memory replay during sleep builds cognitive schemata

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