Expenditures, Efficiency, and Effectiveness in U.S. Undergraduate Higher Education: A National Benchmark Model

Developing Whole-Systems Competency in Higher Education To Meet Emerging Market Demand and Societal Sustainability

“…13 While the cost of college attendance has grown at twice the rate of inflation, evidence indicates that students are failing to reap any additional educational value and remain ill-equipped in the eyes of employers. 14 In fact 63 percent of employers report that college graduates lack essential skills to succeed in today's global economy, 49 percent report difficulties filling jobs, and 57 percent believe that half or fewer applicants are prepared for advancement in their companies 10,14,15 This evidence, supported by the 2013 Charleston Survey, strongly suggests a critical gap in the current approach to higher education.…”

Assessing economic impact and efficiency of higher education institutions

“…The degree to which outputs are produced from inputs Cowan, 1985 The use of fewest resources(inputs) to produce the most outputs (services or products) Powell, Gilleland, & Pearson, 2012 The resources used by the institution in relation to the completeness and accuracy of the objectives achieved. Boughey, 2003 The education sector offers a challenging context for assessment when compared to other sectors (Johnes, 2014).…”

The creation of performance funding in Michigan: Partnership, promotion and points

“…Second, economic competiveness and the belief that the United States is falling behind in the knowledge economy has increased the attention on higher education's ability to produce graduates with skills and abilities for today's labor market (Burke, 2005). Third, the recent economic downturn has strengthened this call for greater accountability due to the financial pressure placed on states and legislators' focus on the rising price of higher education (Powell, Gilleland, & Pearson, 2012). These three factors combined with the shifting social contract has led to a strong focus on accountability in higher education and a demand for quantified proof of the economic returns on the public investment in higher education.…”