Expenditure-based Segmentation of Visitors to the Wacky Wine Festival

Saayman, Melville; Saayman, Andrea; Joubert, Elize-Mari

doi:10.1080/02508281.2012.11081710

Cited by 33 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Gender, age, language, occupation, group size, place of origin, and staying length have been found to be significantly different between high and low spenders in a South African wine festival. Visitors with higher expenditure placed greater importance on the inherent motivation to attend the festival than low-spenders [54].…”

Section: Moderating Role Of High and Low Dining Expensesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Climate Change Awareness Predict Pro-Environmental Practices in Restaurants? Comparing High and Low Dining Expenditure

Kim

Hall

2019

Sustainability

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The purpose of this study is to develop a better understanding of what makes consumers reduce waste in order to address climate change, particularly when dining out. To accomplish this goal, this research constructs an extended theory of planned behavior model, using four main constructs of attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intention and incorporating climate change awareness and mitigation pursuing actions, anticipated pride and guilt, and high and low levels of dining expenses. An online survey was conducted of 482 respondents aged 20 years old or over who had dined in restaurants in the previous month in 2019. A partial least squares-structural (PLS) equation modeling analysis has been utilized with multi-group analysis. Results reveal that climate change awareness has significant effects on attitude and behavior intention, and climate change mitigation pursuing actions positively influence attitude and behavioral intention to reduce waste. Consumers' anticipated emotions lead to their behavioral intention. Diners' behavioral intention to reduce waste is significantly influenced by their attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control on waste reduction in restaurants. The levels of dining expenses significantly moderate seven out of nine hypotheses. Research on consumers' waste reduction in relation to climate change is not sufficiently conducted in the foodservice sector. Using an extended theory of planned behavior (TPB) to understand diner behavior related to waste reduction and climate change, this study therefore makes an important contribution to improving sustainability in foodservices, especially in the Asian context. Climate change mitigation is a significant challenge for the restaurant and foodservices sector given its relatively high energy and water use, often significant amounts of food waste, and supply chains that often carry a substantial carbon footprint [11]. To promote climate-friendly practices, longand short-term behavioral and system interventions are needed, which can complement interest among consumers and restaurants for information on food carbon footprints and sustainability [12]. In South Korea (hereafter Korea), such a situation creates some substantial issues as restaurants traditionally serve various side dishes without extra charge per each meal, resulting in substantial food waste [13]. Food waste is expensive for restaurants, as it is calculated by weight and even small restaurants pay upwards of Korean Won (KRW) 800,000 a month (e.g., under a food waste tax of KRW 160 per liter) [14] (US$1 was equivalent to KRW 1147 as of 1 May 2019). Although waste reduction in foodservices is critical for climate change mitigation as well as reducing environmental impacts in general, research has largely neglected examining consumers' attitude and behavior to waste reduction for climate change mitigation reasons in the foodservice industry, particularly in Asian contexts such as Korea.In studies of consumer behavior, the theory of planned...

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Section: Moderating Role Of High and Low Dining Expensesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Climate Change Awareness Predict Pro-Environmental Practices in Restaurants? Comparing High and Low Dining Expenditure

Kim

Hall

2019

Sustainability

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“…Saayman et al (2012) segment visitors to a wine festival in South Africa, based on their expenditure. K-means clustering is used to identify two categories of spenders; low and high spenders.…”

Section: Previous Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another approach is cluster analysis, for example K-means clustering, which classifies observations into distinct groups and does not provide necessary statistics for inference. Examples of these approaches are Jang et al (2002), Thrane (2002), Craggs and Schofield (2009), Moufakkir et al (2004), Legoherel and Wong (2006), Laesser and Crouch (2006), Mehmetoglu (2007), Kruger et al (2010), Oh and Schuett (2010), Shani et al (2010), Spencer (2010), Dixon et al (2012), Lima et al (2012), Saayman et al (2012) and Kim et al (2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expenditure-based segmentation of tourists taking into account unobserved heterogeneity: The case of Venice

Mortazavi

Lundberg

2019

Tourism Economics

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Visitors to big tourist cities are very likely heterogeneous and can be classified into different segments, for example, low and high spenders. Previous studies on visitor expenditure-based segmentation seem to have only taken into account observed heterogeneity, usually segmenting tourists based on observed characteristics. In the present study, however, the visitors to Venice, Italy, are segmented with respect to their spending into different groups based on both observed and unobserved heterogeneity using a finite mixture model. The results indicate that the visitors belong to three latent classes with respect to their expenditure. Interestingly, different variables affect expenditure differently depending on the latent class belonging. The overall conclusion is that segmenting tourists into different classes based on unobserved heterogeneity with respect to their spending is preferable and more informative than treating the visitors as one homogeneous group. The approach is also more useful for different types of policymaking.

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“…This notwithstanding, while segmentation based on tourist expenditure has a long tradition, it has mainly been univariate. Since the seminal work by Pizam and Reichel (1979), nearly all segmentations of tourist expenditure have merely identified segments with different overall expenditure levels, such as low, medium and high spenders (Díaz-Pérez & Bethencourt-Cejas, 2016;Dixon, Backman, Backman & Norman, 2012;Hadjikakou et al, 2014;Mok & Iverson, 2000;Saayman, Saayman & Joubert, 2012;Spotts & Mahoney, 1991;Svensson, Moreno & Martín, 2011). This is what Dolničar (2004) calls commonsense or a-priori segmentation.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Destinations and crisis. Profiling tourists' budget share from 2006 to 2012

Ferrer-Rosell

Coenders

2018

Journal of Destination Marketing & Management

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Tourist spending behavior is not only relevant in terms of volume but also in terms of trip budget composition or allocation (share or proportion of total trip budget allocated to transportation, accommodation or activities). This paper aims to profile expenditure patterns before, during and after the economic crisis, and how they affect destinations. Clustering methods and compositional data analysis is used as an appropriate statistical approach to analyze share. Incoming tourists to Spain are segmented by trip budget share using repeated cross-sections of official statistics data (2006-2012). One of the main findings is that segments are heterogeneous in their cutting back on expenditure during the economic crisis, and segments increasing in size during the crisis not only spend less but also have the lowest activity share. Furthermore, the paper identifies one of the segments being particularly attractive for destinations in terms both of total expenditure and expenditure profile, with a high activity expenditure share and usually flying with low-cost airlines. The paper contributes to understanding tourist consumer behavior in terms of expenditure pattern at micro level in times of economic recession and its implications for particular destinationsThe authors acknowledge the support of the Catalan Autonomous Government Consolidated Research Group Grant 2014SGR551 funding the research group ‘Compositional and Spatial Data Analysis (COSDA)’; the Spanish Health Ministry Grant CB06/02/1002 funding the research group ‘CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP)’; the Spanish Economy and Competitiveness Ministry /FEDER Grants MTM2015–65016-C2–1-R and EDU2015–68610-R funding the projects ‘COmpositional Data Analysis and RElated meThOdS (CODA-RETOS)’ and ‘Assessing Individual and Team Entrepreneurial Potential’; and the University of Girona Grant MPCUdG2016/069 funding the project ‘Statistical and Econometric Modeling’

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Expenditure-based Segmentation of Visitors to the Wacky Wine Festival

Cited by 33 publications

References 36 publications

Can Climate Change Awareness Predict Pro-Environmental Practices in Restaurants? Comparing High and Low Dining Expenditure

Can Climate Change Awareness Predict Pro-Environmental Practices in Restaurants? Comparing High and Low Dining Expenditure

Expenditure-based segmentation of tourists taking into account unobserved heterogeneity: The case of Venice

Destinations and crisis. Profiling tourists' budget share from 2006 to 2012

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