Expeditious Synthesis of Water-Soluble, Monolayer-Protected Gold Nanoparticles of Controlled Size and Monolayer Composition

Abstract

A protocol is reported for the preparation of water-soluble, thiol-protected Au nanoparticles (Au-MPC) where dioctylamine is used as a stabilizing agent when the gold cluster is formed using the two-phase Brust and Schiffrin procedure. The amount of amine controls the size of the nanoparticles in the 1.9-8.9 nm diameter range. The final stabilization of the gold clusters by addition of functionalized thiols is performed under very mild conditions compatible with most biomolecules. The procedure is suitable for a wide variety of functional groups present in the thiol and allows one to use thiol mixtures with a precise control of their composition in the monolayer. As a proof of principle, examples of nanoparticles protected with thiols comprising functional groups ranging from polyethers, saccharides, polyamines and ammonium ions are reported.

Multivalent, Saccharide‐Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles as Fully Synthetic Analogs of Type A Neisseria meningitidis Antigens

“…For this reason we decided to prepare a multivalent, chemically stable polysaccharide equivalent, and selected gold nanoparticles as templates for the self-assembly of the phosphono analogs of natural Men A. This choice was motivated by two considerations: the obvious advantage of the self-assembly process over a fully synthetic approach and the possibility to obtain, easily, multivalent systems of different size and monomer composition, taking advantage of the straightforward protocol we have recently reported [28] for the preparation of water-soluble, monolayer-protected [29] gold nanoparticles. Accordingly, thiolated derivatives 1-3 were prepared by connecting the corresponding mono-, di-, and trisaccharides 4-6…”

Di-(2-ethylhexyl) dithiophosphoric acid surface protected gold nanoparticles: micellar synthesis, stabilization, isolation, and properties

“…The problem of the conservation of the initial size of nanoparticles during the isolation process is a very urgent task, so the isolation of the particles is performed in the presence of a protective agent preventing their agglomeration. Different types of protective reagents for gold nanoparticles are known, in particular citrate ion [6,7], alkylthiols [22][23][24], alkylthioacetates [25], organic amines [26,27], and phosphines [28].…”

Factors affecting T cell responses induced by fully synthetic glyco-gold-nanoparticles

“…Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated by gradient centrifugation onto Ficoll-Hystopaque of venous blood obtained from healthy volunteers aer their informed consent. 37 PBMC were suspended in RPMI-1640 medium containing 10% heat inactivated FBS, 100 mg ml À1 kanamycin, 1 mM sodium pyruvate, 2 mM L-glutamine, 1% MEM amino acid solution and 0.01 mM 2-mercaptoethanol for immediate use. Human monocytes were isolated from heparinised venous blood of healthy volunteers, and their purity was assessed with the pan-leukocyte anti-CD45 (HLE-1) and the anti-CD14 (Leu-M3) monoclonal Abs, as previously described.…”

“…Human monocytes were isolated from heparinised venous blood of healthy volunteers, and their purity was assessed with the pan-leukocyte anti-CD45 (HLE-1) and the anti-CD14 (Leu-M3) monoclonal Abs, as previously described. 37 Cells were used on the day of isolation under endotoxin-free conditions. Before each experiment, the viable cell count was assessed (always >95%) by Trypan blue staining and cells were seeded, in complete fresh medium, at different densities 24 h prior to compound treatments.…”