Expedition 358 methods

Hirose, Takehiro; Ikari, Matt J.; Kanagawa, Kyuichi; Kimura, Gaku; Kinoshita, M.; Kitajima, H.; Saffer, D. M.; Tobin, H. J.; Yamaguchi, Asuka; Eguchi, N.; Maeda, Lena; Toczko, S.; Bedford, Jonathan; Chiyonobu, Shun; Colson, T.A.; Conin, Marianne; Cornard, Pauline; Dielforder, Armin; Doan, Mai‐Linh; Dutilleul, Jade; Faulkner, D.; Fukuchi, Rina; Guèrin, G.; Hamada, Yohei; Hamahashi, Mari; Hong, Wei‐Li; Ijiri, Akira; Jaeger, D.; Jeppson, T.; Jin, Zhaoyu; John, B. E.; Kitamura, Mitsutaka; Kopf, Achim J; Masuda, Harue; Matsuoka, Atsushi; Moore, G. F.; Otsubo, Makoto; Regalla, Christine; Sakaguchi, Arito; Sample, J. C.; Schleicher, Anja M.; Sone, H.; Stanislowski, K.; Strasser, Michael; Toki, Takahiro; Tsuji, Takeshi; Ujiie, Kohtaro; Underwood, Michael B.; Yabe, Suguru; Yamamoto, Yuzuru; Zhang, J.; Yukitoshi, Sanada; Kido, Yukari; Ber, E. Le; Saito, S.

doi:10.14379/iodp.proc.358.102.2020

Cited by 3 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…Fine silty claystone is present only between 2847.5 and 2917.5 mbsf ( Figure F9). We also found two types of artificial cement (concrete) in the cuttings (see Lithology in the Expedition 358 methods chapter [Hirose et al, 2020]) between 2847.5 and 2907.5 mbsf; such fragments remain in low proportions (<4%).…”

Section: Hole C0002smentioning

confidence: 69%

“…We did not define any subunits. Characterization of each lithology is based on observations with binocular microscopes, thin section and smear slide petrography, bulk powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), bulk powder X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and micro-X-ray computed tomography (CT) (see Lithology in the Expedition 358 methods chapter [Hirose et al, 2020]).…”

Section: Lithologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Softer cuttings of sandstone and siltstone at shallower depths are more likely to disaggregate and pass through the 1 mm screen during sieving, but less vigorous washing could result in more of the bentonite-bearing drilling mud being retained. Second, the X-ray diffractometer on Chikyu was replaced before Expedition 358, and we used a different matrix of singular value decomposition normalization factors for calculations of mineral abundance (see Lithology in the Expedition 358 methods chapter [Hirose et al, 2020]). Third, all of the cuttings specimens analyzed from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Holes C0002N and C0002P are from bulk mix cuttings.…”

Section: Holes C0002s and C0002tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surface ornamentation of the radiolarian tests is highly eroded. Radiolarian tests seem to be filled with quartz and are fine sand sized, similar in size to terrigenous materials such as quartz and feldspar in the sieved residues (see Biostratigraphy in the Expedition 358 methods chapter [Hirose et al, 2020]). Medium sand-sized radiolarian tests were not found in the residues.…”

Section: Radiolariansmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chemical and isotopic compositions of mud gas Hydrocarbons in mud gas Methane concentrations in mud gas were measured by three instruments: the methane carbon isotope analyzer (MCIA), gas chromatograph (GC)-natural gas analyzer (NGA), and process gas mass spectrometer (PGMS) (see Geochemistry in the Expedition 358 methods chapter [Hirose et al, 2020]). The results for all holes, including δ 13 C for methane results, are shown in Figure F37.…”

Section: Geochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Site C0002

Kitajima¹,

Hirose²,

Ikari³

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program

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Section: Hole C0002smentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Lithologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Holes C0002s and C0002tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Radiolariansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Site C0002

Kitajima¹,

Hirose²,

Ikari³

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program

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Site C0024

Yamaguchi¹,

Hirose²,

Ikari³

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program

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A new chemolithotrophic bacterial metabolism was discovered in anaerobic marine enrichment cultures.Cultures in defined medium with elemental sulfur (SO) and amorphous ferric hydroxide (FeOOH) as sole substrates showed intense formation of sulfate. Furthermore, precipitation of ferrous sulfide and pyrite was observed. The transformations were accompanied by growth of slightly curved, rod-shaped bacteria. The quantification of the products revealed that So was microbially disproportionated to sulfate and sulfide, as follows: 4S°+ 4H20 S042-+ 3H2S + 2H+. Subsequent chemical reactions between the formed sulfide and the added FeOOH led to the observed precipitation of iron sulfides. Sulfate and iron sulfides were also produced when FeOOH was replaced by FeCO3. Further enrichment with manganese oxide, MnO2, instead of FeOOH yielded stable cultures which formed sulfate during concomitant reduction of MnO2 to Mn2+. Growth of small rod-shaped bacteria was observed. When incubated without MnO2, the culture did not grow but produced small amounts of s042and H2S at a ratio of 1:3, indicating again a disproportionation of S. The observed microbial disproportionation of So only proceeds significantly in the presence of sulfide-scavenging agents such as iron and manganese compounds. The population density of bacteria capable of S disproportionation in the presence of FeOOH or MnO2 was high, > 104 cm-3 in coastal sediments. The metabolism offers an explanation * Corresponding author.

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