Expedition 357 methods

Früh-Green, G. L.; Orcutt, B.; Green, S.L.; Cotterill, C.; Morgan, Sally; Akizawa, Norikatsu; Bayrakci, Gaye; Behrmann, Jan H.; Boschi, Chiara; Brazleton, W.J.; Cannat, Mathilde; Dunkel, Kristina G.; Escartı́n, J.; Harris, Michelle; Herrero‐Bervera, Emilio; Hesse, K.; John, B. E.; Lang, Susan Q.; Lilley,; Liu, H.-Q.; Mayhew, L. E.; McCaig, A.M.; Ménez, Bénédicte; Morono, Yuki; Quéméneur, Marianne; Rouméjon, S.; Ratnayake, Amila Sandaruwan; Schrenk, M. O.; Schwarzenbach, Esther M.; Twing, Katrina I.; Weis, Dominique; Whattham, S.A.; Williams, Megan; Zhao, Rui

doi:10.14379/iodp.proc.357.102.2017

Cited by 13 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Details of these systems are provided in more detail in the Expedition 357 methods chapter (Früh-Green et al, 2017c).…”

Section: Operational Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Expedition 357 summary

Früh-Green¹,

Orcutt²,

Green³

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program

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Contents AbstractInternational Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 357 successfully cored an east-west transect across the southern wall of Atlantis Massif on the western flank of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) to study the links between serpentinization processes and microbial activity in the shallow subsurface of highly altered ultramafic and mafic sequences that have been uplifted to the seafloor along a major detachment fault zone. The primary goals of this expedition were to (1) examine the role of serpentinization in driving hydrothermal systems, sustaining microbial communities, and sequestering carbon; (2) characterize the tectonomagmatic processes that lead to lithospheric heterogeneities and detachment faulting; and (3) assess how abiotic and biotic processes change with variations in rock type and progressive exposure on the seafloor. To accomplish these objectives, we developed a coring and sampling strategy centered on the use of seabed drills-the first time that such systems have been used in the scientific ocean drilling programs. This technology was chosen in the hope of achieving high recovery of the carbonate cap sequences and intact contact and deformation relationships. The expedition plans also included several engineering developments to assess geochemical parameters during drilling; sample bottom water before, during, and after drilling; supply synthetic tracers during drilling for contamination assessment; acquire in situ electrical resistivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements for assessing fractures, fluid flow, and extent of serpentinization; and seal boreholes to provide opportunities for future experiments.Seventeen holes were drilled at nine sites across Atlantis Massif, with two sites on the eastern end of the southern wall (Sites M0068 and M0075), three sites in the central section of the southern wall north of the Lost City hydrothermal field (Sites M0069, M0072, and M0076), two sites on the western end (Sites M0071 and M0073), and two sites north of the southern wall in the direction of the central dome of the massif and Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Site U1309 (Sites M0070 and M0074). Use of seabed drills enabled collection of more than 57 m of core, with borehole penetration ranging from 1.30 to 16.44 meters below seafloor and core recoveries as high as 74.76% of total penetration. This high level of recovery of shallow mantle sequences is unprecedented in the history of ocean drilling. The cores recovered along the southern wall of Atlantis Massif have highly heterogeneous lithologies, types of alteration, and degrees of deformation. The ultramafic rocks are dominated by harzburgites with intervals of dunite and minor pyroxenite veins, as well as gabbroic rocks occurring as melt impregnations and veins, all of which provide information about early magmatic processes and the magmatic evolution in the southernmost portion of Atlantis Massif. Dolerite dikes and basaltic rocks represent the latest stage of magmatic activity. Overall, the ultramafic rocks recovered ...

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“…Details of these systems are provided in more detail in the Expedition 357 methods chapter (Früh-Green et al, 2017c).…”

Section: Operational Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The same swath settings were used as in the initial site survey. More details are provided in Introduction in the Expedition 357 methods chapter (Früh-Green et al, 2017c).…”

Section: Offshore Operationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expedition 357 summary

Früh-Green¹,

Orcutt²,

Green³

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program

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“…Therefore, in order to use PFC tracers for contamination testing with seabed drills, a new system was required for delivery of PFC tracer into the drill rig suction line for bottom seawater being injected into the bore- (Früh-Green et al, 2017e). Here, we describe such a drill-independent system and how it was used during seabed drilling by two seabed drill systems -the RD2 from the British Geological Survey, and the MARUMMeBo70 from the Center for Marine Environmental Sciences at the University of Bremen (MARUM; Germany) -during IODP Expedition 357 at the Atlantis Massif.…”

Section: Iodp Expedition 357 "Atlantis Massif Serpentinization Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To monitor PFC delivery during drilling operations, a variety of samples were collected from the seabed drills after drilling: core liner fluid samples, sensor package Niskin bottle samples, and exterior and interior core samples, as described in detail elsewhere (Früh-Green et al, 2017e). The sample type referred to as "liner fluid" represents a mixture of bottom water that was in the core barrel prior to being replaced by core, as well as flushing water entrained during coring.…”

Section: Tracer Monitoring Sample Collection and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In both cases, fluids were collected into a sterile 50 mL centrifuge tube, and then 10 mL of this fluid was immediately transferred to a 22 mL glass headspace vial and crimp sealed. For sensor package "Niskin water" samples, 10 mL fluid samples were collected from each of three drill-mounted Niskin bottles, which sampled the fluids flushed out of the borehole near the breakout table and bottom seawater, as described elsewhere (Früh-Green et al, 2017e). However, it is important to note that these fluid samples were often collected minutes to hours after active drilling (and flushing of the borehole) ended, so the samples likely represented a lower end-member of tracer concentration.…”

Section: Tracer Monitoring Sample Collection and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contamination tracer testing with seabed drills: IODP Expedition 357

et al. 2017

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Abstract. IODP Expedition 357 utilized seabed drills for the first time in the history of the ocean drilling program, with the aim of collecting intact sequences of shallow mantle core from the Atlantis Massif to examine serpentinization processes and the deep biosphere. This novel drilling approach required the development of a new remote seafloor system for delivering synthetic tracers during drilling to assess for possible sample contamination. Here, we describe this new tracer delivery system, assess the performance of the system during the expedition, provide an overview of the quality of the core samples collected for deep biosphere investigations based on tracer concentrations, and make recommendations for future applications of the system.

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