Expedition 350 methods

Data report: Pleistocene planktonic foraminiferal oxygen and carbon stable isotope records and their use to improve the age model of Hole U1436C cores recovered east of the Aogashima Volcano

“…A systematic and detailed analysis of the micropaleontological samples has been carried out. It is noticeable that the foraminiferal content in each of the >150 μm size fractions (a size fraction commonly used elsewhere in micropaleontological studies; e.g., Vautravers et al, 2004) ranges from rare to abundant (Vautravers et al, submitted), in agreement with shipboard observations (see the Expedition 350 methods chapter [Tamura et al, 2015a]). For example, in a few samples selected across a range of contrasted interglacials and glacials, the abundances were 1109 foraminifers/g during the Holocene or marine isotope Stage (MIS) 1 (Sample 350-U1436C-1H-1, 0-2 cm; 0 mbsf), 119 foraminifers/g during MIS 11 (Sample 6H-2, 110-112 cm; 26.4 mbsf), 3646 foraminifers/g during MIS 23 (Sample 17F-2, 40-42 cm; 66.6 mbsf ), and 3694 foraminifers/g during MIS 10 (Sample 5H-2, 66-68 cm; 20.96 mbsf ).…”

“…The δ 18 O record from Hole U1436C was then transferred into an age scale between each of the selected ties points using the AnalySeries 2.0.4.2 software (Paillard et al, 1996). The nannofossil and planktonic foraminifer (PF) datums (see the Expedition 350 methods chapter (Tamura et al, 2015a]) for Hole U1436C are shown in Table T3, and their depth ranges and averages are also shown on Figure F3C and F3B (colored boxes and vertical lines), although none were actually used to establish the isotopic stratigraphy proposed here. However, in some cases the position of the datum helped assert choices of possible correlations between the LR04 stack and our data set and confirm the integrity of the record.…”

“…We visually correlated our oxygen isotope record from Hole U1436C to a stacked δ 18 O benthic record, the so-called LR04 ( Figure F3B), which has a resolution of ~1 ky and was developed from the compilation of the benthic δ 18 O data from 57 marine sites by Lisiecki and Raymo (2005). This allowed us to transfer our newly obtained stable isotope record from its depth scale to an age scale and establish a more detailed and precise stratigraphy than that obtained via biostratigraphy only (see the Expedition 350 methods chapter [Tamura et al, 2015a]). Figure F1.…”

Expedition 352 methods

“…Most igneous rock description procedures used during Expedition 352 were adapted from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expeditions 330 and 344 and IODP Expedition 350 (e.g., Expedition 330 Scientists, 2012; Tamura et al, 2015). Macroscopic observations were coordinated, where possible, with thin section petrographic observations and bulk rock chemical analyses of representative samples, including both ICP-AES and portable Xray fluorescence (pXRF) (see Sediment and rock geochemistry).…”

Expedition 351 methods

“…Visual description of coring disturbances in semilithified and lithified rocks in Sections 350-U1437B-43X-1A, 50-128 cm (left), and 350-U1437D-12R-6A, 34-112 cm (right) (fromTamura et al, 2015).…”