Expected, sensed, and desired

Abstract

Movements of interfaces can be analyzed in terms of whether they are expected, sensed, and desired. Expected movements are those that users naturally perform; sensed are those that can be measured by a computer; and desired movements are those that are required by a given application. We show how a systematic comparison of expected, sensed, and desired movements, especially with regard to how they do not precisely overlap, can reveal potential problems with an interface and also inspire new features. We describe how this approach has been applied to the design of three interfaces: pointing flashlights at walls and posters in order to play sounds; the Augurscope II, a mobile augmented reality interface for outdoors; and the Drift Table, an item of furniture that uses load sensing to control the display of aerial photographs. We propose that this approach can help to build a bridge between the analytic and inspirational approaches to design and can help designers meet

Touchomatic

“…Benford et al discuss how sensing based systems involve ranges of actions that people are expected to perform, actions which can be sensed, and actions which are 'desired' to control an application [3], they argue that the fact some actions people will do cannot be sensed, allows opportunity for 'expressive latitude', where people express themselves in ways not sensed by the interface, in a way analogous to movements that pianists make around a piano keyboard, which the piano does not respond to, but can still be key to the pianists performance. Touchomatic's simple sensing method allows for a wide range of expressive latitude, which we believe allows people to play with an interesting range of touch styles, and allows it to be played by people with highly differing touch preferences.…”

Guidelines for the Design of Movement-Based Games and Their Relevance to HCI

“…Academic papers provide abstract frameworks that can then be applicable to game design (e.g., see Benford et al, 2012;Benford et al, 2005). Less theoretical guidance can come in the form of books that offer a set of perspectives through which to examine one's practice (Fullerton, Swain, & Hoffman, 2004;Schell, 2008b).…”

“…We draw on this idea and remind designers that movement is inherently ambiguous due to the many degrees of freedom inherent in movement. This, combined with the fact that most movement-sensor data are far from precise (Benford et al, 2005), makes for experiences filled with ambiguity. Designers can try to reduce this ambiguity, for example, reducing complex movement to simple gestures (Berkovsky et al, 2010) or refining sensor capabilities (such as done with the Wii MotionPlus); however, we encourage engagement with ambiguity as a resource for design as well (Gaver et al, 2003;Márquez-Segura et al, 2013).…”

1:1 Spatially Augmented Reality Design Environment

“…Augmented Reality (AR): To integrate the virtual and physical objects to take advantage of both sides, the notion of AR is proposed. Many researches such as (Balcisoy, Kallmann et al, 2000;Benford, physical environment. This creates a possibility to implement a portable immersive display system for our research.…”