Expectations, Coordination Failures and Macro Crises

Abstract

Deep recessions and disruptions in credit markets have caused social concern and motivated research for a long time. They still challenge macroeconomic analysis. We map some observable features of a set of such episodes, trying to find common elements of the whole family of events. The different macroeconomic experiences show a high degree of heterogeneity. Given that, what emerges as a central element of crises is their character as a life-changing episode for the people concerned, which remains in their memory and triggers a search for lessons, as they frustrate past expectations and force widespread reevaluations of wealth and income prospects. Critical periods involve dynamics at different time scales, as economic changes with lasting implications take place in an environment of dramatic day-to-day variability. Crises tend to be associated with breaks in the growth trends of the economies in question, in a way that may surprise not only agents inclined to eccentric behavior, but also those who held beliefs based on prevalent economic analysis. Macroeconomic disturbances of this sort raise strong questions about the pertinence, and the logic, of usual rational expectations assumptions and modeling practices. These issues are briefly discussed in an opening section.

Towards a Dynamic Disequilibrium Theory with Randomness

“…The concept of pseudo-wealth is introduced in Guzman and Stiglitz (2016a). There are also changes in wealth perceptions associated with the identification of trends (see Heymann (2008), Heymann and Montero (2019)). 53 Some of these responses are consistent with a modicum of rationality: the revelation of the macroeconomic inconsistency meant that some individuals who previously (were thought to be) able to repay their debts may no longer be able to do so.…”

Towards a Dynamic Disequilibrium Theory with Randomness

“…But while government may face the same limitations of knowledge that the private sector faces, it can do more to resolve them once they appear; indeed, in one way or another, the resolution of macroeconomic inconsistencies almost always entails some government actions. 122 The evidence on macroeconomic crises reviewed in Heymann and Montero (2019) constitutes a clear testimony of this fact. 123 See Gallegati et al ( , 2012b.…”

“…The concept of pseudo-wealth is introduced in Guzman and Stiglitz (2016a). There are also changes in wealth perceptions associated with the identification of trends (see Heymann (2008), Heymann and Montero (2019)). 53 Some of these responses are consistent with a modicum of rationality: the revelation of the macroeconomic inconsistency meant that some individuals who previously (were thought to be) able to repay their debts may no longer be able to do so.…”