Expectation (and attention) in visual cognition

Summerfield, Christopher; Egner, Tobias

doi:10.1016/j.tics.2009.06.003

Cited by 789 publications

(674 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…This cluster corresponds broadly with the dorsal frontoparietal network for endogenous control of spatial attention (Corbetta & Shulman, 2002). As noted previously (Summerfield & Egner, 2009) differentiating the effects of prediction and attention is quite difficult. However, Kok et al (2012) demonstrated it is possible to differentiate the two by showing that predictable stimuli (in visual cortex) tend to produce less activity when the stream is unattended, but greater activity when the stream is attended to.…”

Section: Location Regularitiessupporting

confidence: 59%

“…Our work assumes that environmental statistics are vital information for systems that mediate predictive coding -a computation in which systems associated with higher level functions generate predictions about expected environmental states -that is, construct a model of expected neural activity in low-level sensory regions (Friston, 2009;Grossberg, 2009;Rao & Ballard, 1999;Summerfield & Egner, 2009). Satisfied -i.e., correct --predictions are associated with reduced prediction errors, and lower activity in sensory regions (Feldman & Friston, 2010;Kok, Rahnev, Jehee, Lau, & de Lange, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predictability of what or where reduces brain activity, but a bottleneck occurs when both are predictable

Davis

Hasson

2018

NeuroImage

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Detecting regularities in the sensory environment licenses predictions that enable adaptive behaviour. However, it is unclear whether predictions about object category, location, or both dimensions are mediated by overlapping systems, and relatedly, whether constructing predictions about both category and location is associated with processing bottlenecks. To examine this issue, in an fMRI study, we presented participants with image-series in which non-deterministic transition probabilities enabled predictions about either the location of the next image, its semantic category, both dimensions, or neither (the latter forming a "no-regularity" random baseline condition). Speaking to a common system, all three predictable conditions resulted in reduced BOLD activity in four clusters: left rostral anterior cingulate cortex; bilateral putamen, caudate and thalamus; right precentral gyrus, and left visual cortex. Pointing to a processing bottleneck, in some regions, a significant interaction between the two factors was found whereby category-predictable series were associated with lower activity -but only when location regularity was absent. Finally, category regularity decreased activation in areas of the ventral visual stream and semantic areas of lateral temporal cortex, and location regularity decreased activation in a dorsal fronto-parietal cluster, long implicated in the endogenous control of spatial attention. Our findings confirm and expand a role for dACC/dmPFC and striatum in monitoring or responding to uncertainty in the environment and point to a limited capacity bottleneck when multiple predictions are concurrently licensed.

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Section: Location Regularitiessupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictability of what or where reduces brain activity, but a bottleneck occurs when both are predictable

Davis

Hasson

2018

NeuroImage

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“…Recent evidence supports the notion that information processing in the visual system can be accounted for by PC mechanisms [5][6][7][8] . In PC information is processed in hierarchically organized sensory systems, with the overarching functional property of the brain being the explanation of incoming sensory information with probabilistically the most parsimonious or efficient model 9,10 .…”

supporting

confidence: 53%

Predictive codes of familiarity and context during the perceptual learning of facial identities

Apps

Tsakiris

2013

Nat Commun

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Face recognition is a key component of successful social behaviour. However, the computational processes that underpin perceptual learning and recognition as faces transition from unfamiliar to familiar are poorly understood. In predictive coding, learning occurs through prediction errors that update stimulus familiarity, but recognition is a function of both stimulus and contextual familiarity. Here we show that behavioural responses on a two-option face recognition task can be predicted by the level of contextual and facial familiarity in a computational model derived from predictive-coding principles. Using fMRI, we show that activity in the superior temporal sulcus varies with the contextual familiarity in the model, whereas activity in the fusiform face area covaries with the prediction error parameter that updated facial familiarity. Our results characterize the key computations underpinning the perceptual learning of faces, highlighting that the functional properties of face-processing areas conform to the principles of predictive coding.

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“…Using multivariate pattern analysis, Jiang and colleagues show that attention enhances the precision of ɛ in FFA, due to an improvement of the stimulus representation in this area. Overall, the computation of fulfilled or violated expectations requires the attention of the observers (Larsson & Smith, 2012), meaning that attention is a precondition for discriminating expected from unexpected stimuli (for a summary of attention and prediction processes see the review by Summerfield & Egner, 2009). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The contribution of surprise to the prediction based modulation of fMRI responses

et al. 2016

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In recent years, several functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies showed that correct stimulus predictions reduce the neural responses when compared to surprising events (Egner et al., 2010). Further, it has been shown that such fulfilled expectations enhance the magnitude of repetition suppression (RS, i.e. a decreased neuronal response after the repetition of a given stimulus) in face selective visual cortex as well (Summerfield et al., 2008).

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Expectation (and attention) in visual cognition

Cited by 789 publications

References 72 publications

Predictability of what or where reduces brain activity, but a bottleneck occurs when both are predictable

Predictability of what or where reduces brain activity, but a bottleneck occurs when both are predictable

Predictive codes of familiarity and context during the perceptual learning of facial identities

The contribution of surprise to the prediction based modulation of fMRI responses

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