1991
DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(19910215)67:4<1091::aid-cncr2820670437>3.0.co;2-j
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Expectant management of localized prostatic cancer

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Cited by 172 publications
(34 citation statements)
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“…From multiple series of patients who were managed with observation, there is abundant evidence that the disease is not uniformly progressive nor fatal. [72][73][74][75] Unfortunately, previous experiences with the natural history of prostate carcinoma are seriously compromised by selection bias 72 and limited follow-up, 76 and, in perhaps the most widely cited article, very few individuals were reported to be at risk at 10 years and 15 years and all participants had their disease detected using DRE because PSA screening had not yet begun to be used. 75 With the advent of PSA screening and the dramatic increase noted in the detection of organ-confined disease, the idea of "clinically-significant" disease became more important.…”
Section: Clinical Significance Of Tumors Detected By Psa-based Screeningmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…From multiple series of patients who were managed with observation, there is abundant evidence that the disease is not uniformly progressive nor fatal. [72][73][74][75] Unfortunately, previous experiences with the natural history of prostate carcinoma are seriously compromised by selection bias 72 and limited follow-up, 76 and, in perhaps the most widely cited article, very few individuals were reported to be at risk at 10 years and 15 years and all participants had their disease detected using DRE because PSA screening had not yet begun to be used. 75 With the advent of PSA screening and the dramatic increase noted in the detection of organ-confined disease, the idea of "clinically-significant" disease became more important.…”
Section: Clinical Significance Of Tumors Detected By Psa-based Screeningmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The chemical failure precedes a clinical recurrence by several years; even in patients with initial PSA of 4-30 ng/ml, 80% were clinically tumor free 4 years after treatment. Others have reported shorter lead time from rising PSA to clinical evidence of relapse (an average of approximately 6 Patients with elevated pretreatment PSA levels, stable posttreatment levels, and subsequent elevation have a 33-44% risk of subsequent distant metastasis in less than 3 years. '04 Rising PSA levels after irradiation have been correlated with clinical progression, although the time course has not been defined a d e q~a t e l y .…”
Section: Prostate-specific Antigen In Selection Of Patients For Theramentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, the course of early stage prostate cancer is not very well documented and there is no proof that all, or even most, early stages of prostate cancer develop into aggressive forms. Indeed, most studies of early stage prostate cancers treated with non-curative intention have given rather optimistic results when the follow-up period was relatively short (George 1988, Whitmore et al 1991, Johansson et al 1992, Adolfsson 1993). …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 66%