Expectancies for and use of e-cigarettes and hookah among young adult non-daily smokers

Abstract

Introduction Understanding predictors of e-cigarette and hookah use among young adults is important in light of their increasing prevalence, particularly in younger populations. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that young adult non-daily cigarette smokers’ use of e-cigarettes and hookah would be positively associated with their expectancies about these products. Methods Young adults (n = 377, 58.0% male) aged 18–24 years (M = 20.5, SD = 1.8) who had been non-daily smokers for at least six months but had never been daily smokers completed a baseline assessment online or via mobile phone as part of a larger, longitudinal study. Results Approximately one in three participants reported any e-cigarette (34.0%) and/or hookah (33.4%) use in the past 14 days; 37% of those who used either product reported using both. More positive e-cigarette expectancies were associated with higher odds of any e-cigarette use and with heavier use in the past two weeks. Similarly, more positive expectancies for hookah use predicted greater odds of any use as well as more frequent use of hookah (all ps < .001). Cigarette expectancies were correlated with ANTP expectancies, but did not account for the latter’s association with ANTP use. Conclusions Findings suggest that expectancies play a role in determining whether young adult cigarette smokers also use these nicotine products. These data also suggest use of e-cigarettes and/or hookah may be as common as not among young adult nondaily smokers.

A study of regulatory policies and relevant issues concerning electronic cigarette use in Taiwan

“…In fact, Taiwan's Food and Drug Administration (FDA) under the Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW) has urged people not to buy e‐cigarettes . Moreover, the use of alternative nicotine and tobacco products remains largely unregulated in many countries and was even in a regularly gray area in the United States until very recently . In May 2016, the US FDA responded to appeals to classify electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) as a tobacco product; accordingly, the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act is applicable to ENDS and Section 910 now includes e‐cigarettes into the statutory definition of a tobacco product.…”

“…6 Moreover, the use of alternative nicotine and tobacco products remains largely unregulated in many countries and was even in a regularly gray area in the United States until very recently. 7 In May 2016, the US FDA responded to appeals to classify electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) as a tobacco product; accordingly, the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act is applicable to ENDS and Section 910 now includes e-cigarettes into the statutory definition of a tobacco product. Until then, e-cigarettes provided tobacco-derived nicotine to consumers but was not considered a tobacco product from a regulatory perspective.…”

Do personality traits related to affect regulation predict other tobacco product use among young adult non-daily smokers?

“…One possible motive for OTP use is affect regulation (Doran & Brikmanis, 2016; H.-Y. Lee et al, 2017; Pokhrel et al, 2014; Wong et al, 2016).…”

“…Affect regulation refers to the process by which people attempt to alter their emotional states (Larsen & Prizmic, 2004). Affect regulation expectancies and motives have been associated with specific OTPs (Doran & Brikmanis, 2016; Pokhrel et al, 2014; Wong et al, 2016). These studies suggest young adults use OTPs at least partly for affect modulation.…”

Hookah tobacco use and stressful life events in a sample of young non-daily cigarette smokers

“…Hookah has been associated with personality traits, including impulsivity and social comparison orientation (Berg, Schauer, Asfour, Thomas, & Ahluwalia, 2011; Doran & Trim, 2015; Fielder, Carey, & Carey, 2012). Hookah use has also been related to cognitions, including affect regulation expectancies (Doran & Brikmanis, 2016). While these studies have begun to explore psychosocial predictors of hookah use, further investigation is needed.…”