Expect the unexpected: place‐based protections can lead to unforeseen benefits

Flitcroft, Rebecca; Bottom, Daniel L.; Haberman, Karen L.; Bierly, Ken F.; Jones, Kim K.; Simenstad, Charles A.; Gray, Ayesha; Ellingson, Kami S.; Baumgartner, Erin; Cornwell, Trevan J.; Campbell, Lance

doi:10.1002/aqc.2660

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…For example, estuaries should not be managed as isolated systems but as part of comprehensive plans for catchments, rivers and coastal habitats. In the Salmon River estuary, Oregon, removal of levees expanded rearing habitats for juvenile salmonids and restored pathways connecting freshwater to saltmarsh habitat, enhancing population resilience at the catchment scale (Flitcroft et al, ).…”

Section: Conservation and Management Of Freshwater And Marine Fishesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fish conservation in freshwater and marine realms: status, threats and management

Arthington

Dulvy

Gladstone

et al. 2016

Aquatic Conservation

376

282

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1. Despite the disparities in size and volume of marine and freshwater realms, a strikingly similar number of species is found in eachwith 15 150 Actinopterygian fishes in fresh water and 14 740 in the marine realm. Their ecological and societal values are widely recognized yet many marine and freshwater fishes increasingly risk local, regional or global extinction.2. The prevailing threats in aquatic systems are habitat loss and degradation, invasive species, pollution, over-exploitation and climate change. Unpredictable synergies with climate change greatly complicate the impacts of other stressors that threaten many marine and freshwater fishes.3. Isolated and fragmented habitats typically present the most challenging environments for small, specialized freshwater and marine fishes, whereas overfishing is by far the greatest threat to larger marine and freshwater species. Species that migrate within or between freshwater and marine realms may face high catchability in predictable migration bottlenecks, and degradation of breeding habitat, feeding habitat or the intervening migration corridors.4. Conservation reserves are vital to protect species-rich habitats, important radiations, and threatened endemic species. Integration of processes that connect terrestrial, freshwater and marine protected areas promises more effective conservation outcomes than disconnected reserves. Diadromous species in particular require more attention in aquatic restoration and conservation planning across disparate government agencies. 5. Human activities and stressors that increasingly threaten freshwater and marine fishes must be curbed to avoid a wave of extinctions. Freshwater recovery programmes range from plans for individual species to recovery of entire basin faunas. Reducing risks to threatened marine species in coastal habitats also requires conservation actions at multiple scales. Most of the world's larger economically important fisheries are relatively well-monitored and well-managed but there are urgent needs to curb fishing mortality and minimize catch of the most endangered species in both realms.

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Section: Conservation and Management Of Freshwater And Marine Fishesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fish conservation in freshwater and marine realms: status, threats and management

Arthington

Dulvy

Gladstone

et al. 2016

Aquatic Conservation

376

282

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“…This suggests that a third question might be added to the determination of management effectiveness: Are the values and objectives of the protected area inclusive of freshwater ecosystems, species, and services? Flitcroft et al () provide an example of how the management objectives of a PA can evolve over time as the full potential value of the PA comes into focus.…”

Section: Better Monitoring: a Key Challenge To Improve Current Poor Ementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The papers in this supplement cover a wide range of scales, from local to global. They include cases from around the world on implementing and managing PAs (Berney and Hosking, ; Flitcroft et al , , Rivers‐Moore et al , ), PA effectiveness (Thieme et al , ; Raghavan et al , ), the important role of PAs in preserving not only biodiversity but also human well‐being (Dudley et al , ; Harrison et al , ), and their potential for building resilience in the face of climate change (Frederico et al , ). Juffe Bignoli et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of protected areas for freshwater biodiversity conservation: challenges and opportunities in a rapidly changing world

Hermoso

Abell

Linke

et al. 2016

Aquatic Conservation

142

103

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1. Declaring protected areas (PAs) stands out as one of the main conservation strategies worldwide and there are clear commitments to expand their extent under the auspices of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD; Aichi targets for 2020). This conservation strategy has also received increasing attention in a freshwater context in the last two decades.2. Despite increasing conservation efforts, the effectiveness of PAs for freshwater purposes is questioned and freshwater biodiversity continues to decline. There are many reasons for this poor effectiveness: a lack of consideration of freshwater needs when designing and declaring protected areas, fewer resources devoted to freshwater conservation management than to other actions, and poor understanding of complex management problems beyond the limits of the protected area.3. This supplement compiles some examples from around the world on implementing and managing PAs, assessing their effectiveness, and demonstrating their important role not only in preserving biodiversity but also human well-being and in meeting future challenges to achieve the CBD targets for freshwater biodiversity.4. Here the challenges of establishing effective PAs for freshwater biodiversity in a rapidly changing world are reviewed. We advocate better monitoring programmes to assess the effectiveness of PAs for freshwater biodiversity, in which the unique characteristics of freshwater systems, such as the important role of connectivity and the close links with the rest of the landscape they drain, are considered.5. There are new conservation opportunities to enhance the value of PAs for freshwater biodiversity under the new conservation paradigm of 'people and nature'. The imperative of finding solutions that generate co-benefits alongside biodiversity conservation, and the clear reliance of human communities on freshwater services, has created an environment that may be more favourable to PAs focused in whole or part on fresh waters.

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“…Further downstream, estuaries should be managed as part of comprehensive plans for catchments, rivers and coastal habitats, rather than as isolated systems (van Niekerk and Turpie, 2012). As an example, removal of levees in the Salmon River estuary, Oregon, expanded rearing habitats for juvenile salmonids and restored pathways connecting freshwater to saltmarsh habitat, enhancing population resilience at the catchment scale (Flitcroft et al, 2016).…”

Section: Catchment Characteristics and Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%