Expansive growth of plant cell walls

Cosgrove, Daniel J.

doi:10.1016/s0981-9428(00)00164-9

Cited by 395 publications

(269 citation statements)

References 109 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

253

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Although untested at present, AtXTH31 and/or AtXTH32 may not have the capacity to access such regions. Collectively, these observations may explain why XTH-related wall phenotypes are often slight in those cases where they are observed (Cosgrove, 2000(Cosgrove, , 2005Osato et al, 2006;Miedes et al, 2011;Nishikubo et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The validity of this dogmatic model, however, has been questioned due to a lack of experimental evidence (Cosgrove, 2000(Cosgrove, , 2005Kutschera, 2001). Indeed, XET activity has been directly observed in myriad plant tissues, and both wall-strengthening and wall-loosening effects have been ascribed (Cosgrove, 2000(Cosgrove, , 2005Eklöf and Brumer, 2010, and refs. therein).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Group III-AXTHGenes of Arabidopsis Encode Predominant Xyloglucan Endohydrolases That Are Dispensable for Normal Growth

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The molecular basis of primary wall extension endures as one of the central enigmas in plant cell morphogenesis. Classical cell wall models suggest that xyloglucan endo-transglycosylase activity is the primary catalyst (together with expansins) of controlled cell wall loosening through the transient cleavage and religation of xyloglucan-cellulose cross links. The genome of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) contains 33 phylogenetically diverse XYLOGLUCAN ENDO-TRANSGLYCOSYLASE/ HYDROLASE (XTH) gene products, two of which were predicted to be predominant xyloglucan endohydrolases due to clustering into group III-A. Enzyme kinetic analysis of recombinant AtXTH31 confirmed this prediction and indicated that this enzyme had similar catalytic properties to the nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus) xyloglucanase1 responsible for storage xyloglucan hydrolysis during germination. Global analysis of Genevestigator data indicated that AtXTH31 and the paralogous AtXTH32 were abundantly expressed in expanding tissues. Microscopy analysis, utilizing the resorufin b-glycoside of the xyloglucan oligosaccharide XXXG as an in situ probe, indicated significant xyloglucan endohydrolase activity in specific regions of both roots and hypocotyls, in good correlation with transcriptomic data. Moreover, this hydrolytic activity was essentially completely eliminated in AtXTH31/AtXTH32 double knockout lines. However, single and double knockout lines, as well as individual overexpressing lines, of AtXTH31 and AtXTH32 did not demonstrate significant growth or developmental phenotypes. These results suggest that although xyloglucan polysaccharide hydrolysis occurs in parallel with primary wall expansion, morphological effects are subtle or may be compensated by other mechanisms. We hypothesize that there is likely to be an interplay between these xyloglucan endohydrolases and recently discovered apoplastic exo-glycosidases in the hydrolytic modification of matrix xyloglucans.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Group III-AXTHGenes of Arabidopsis Encode Predominant Xyloglucan Endohydrolases That Are Dispensable for Normal Growth

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The only report was provided by Hensel et al (1991), who demonstrated that 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D, a synthetic auxin) was capable of inducing xyloglucan mobilization in detached cotyledons of nasturtium. On the other hand, the effects of auxin on primary cell wall fucosylated xyloglucan have been studied more extensively; the principal effects of the hormone being (1) activation of H 1 transport to the extracellular medium (possibly related to activities of ATPases), in which the lowering of local pH favors the action of glycosidases and expansins (Taguchi et al, 1999;Cosgrove, 2000), and (2) activation or alteration of gene expression so that enzymes (mainly glycosidases) have enhanced activities or are synthesized de novo. In this study, we investigated some aspects of the effect of auxin on the mobilization of xyloglucan in cotyledons of growing seedlings of H. courbaril.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Control of Storage Xyloglucan Mobilization in Cotyledons of Hymenaea courbaril

et al. 2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hymenaea courbaril is a leguminous tree species from the neotropical rain forests. Its cotyledons are largely enriched with a storage cell wall polysaccharide (xyloglucan). Studies of cell wall storage polymers have been focused mostly on the mechanisms of their disassembly, whereas the control of their mobilization and the relationship between their metabolism and seedling development is not well understood. Here, we show that xyloglucan mobilization is strictly controlled by the development of first leaves of the seedling, with the start of its degradation occurring after the beginning of eophyll (first leaves) expansion. During the period of storage mobilization, an increase in the levels of xyloglucan hydrolases, starch, and free sugars were observed in the cotyledons. Xyloglucan mobilization was inhibited by shoot excision, darkness, and by treatment with the auxin-transport inhibitor N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid. Analyses of endogenous indole-3-acetic acid in the cotyledons revealed that its increase in concentration is followed by the rise in xyloglucan hydrolase activities, indicating that auxin is directly related to xyloglucan mobilization. Cotyledons detached during xyloglucan mobilization and treated with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid showed a similar mobilization rate as in attached cotyledons. This hormonal control is probably essential for the ecophysiological performance of this species in their natural environment since it is the main factor responsible for promoting synchronism between shoot growth and reserve degradation. This is likely to increase the efficiency of carbon reserves utilization by the growing seedling in the understorey light conditions of the rain forest.

show abstract

“…The mRNA levels of expansin and XET genes: Both XET and expansins play key roles in auxin-and gravity-induced cell elongations (Cosgrove, 2000. They facilitate structural modifications to cell walls.…”

Section: The Mrna Levels Of the Genes Responsible For (13)(14)-β-d-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All these gene products may play important roles in the degradation of old cell wall and recycle of carbon sources in germinating embryos. The second important biological process is for cell elongation, which requires cell wall loosing in elongating rootlets and emerging coleoptiles (Cosgrove, 2000). The cell wall loosing agents include expansin, XET and endo-1,4-β-D-glucanase (Cosgrove, 2005).…”

Section: Changes In Transcript Profiles Are Consistent With Cell Wallmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in cell wall polysaccharide composition, gene transcription and alternative splicing in germinating barley embryos

Zhang

Pettolino

et al. 2016

Journal of Plant Physiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Changes in cell wall polysaccharide composition, gene transcription and alternative splicing in germinating embryos.Journal of Plant Physiology http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph. 2015.12.007 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. At least 50 cell wall genes changed transcript levels significantly. Expression patterns of many cell wall genes coincided with changes in polysaccharide composition. Our data showed that cell wall polysaccharide metabolism was very active in germinating barley embryos, which was regulated at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels.

show abstract

Expansive growth of plant cell walls

Cited by 395 publications

References 109 publications

Group III-AXTHGenes of Arabidopsis Encode Predominant Xyloglucan Endohydrolases That Are Dispensable for Normal Growth

Group III-AXTHGenes of Arabidopsis Encode Predominant Xyloglucan Endohydrolases That Are Dispensable for Normal Growth

The Control of Storage Xyloglucan Mobilization in Cotyledons of Hymenaea courbaril

Changes in cell wall polysaccharide composition, gene transcription and alternative splicing in germinating barley embryos

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About