Expansion Planning of Integrated Energy Systems with Flexible Demand-Side Resources

Abstract

The main purpose of this paper is to study the effect of responsive electrical loads on gas and electricity networks expansion planning problem. A centralized approach performs the expansion planning of the integrated gas and electricity networks. An incentive-based demand response (DR) is incorporated so that electricity network operator pays the consumers for participating in DR program. In this planning model for an integrated gas-electricity network, both supply and demand sides are matched together to guarantee the adequacy of fuel for gas consuming units (GCU). To illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method Khorasan province of Iran is considered as a case study which has a high penetration level of GCUs.

A cyber‐secure model to decentralized co‐expansion planning of gas and electricity networks

“…29 In the proposed problem, Equations ( 1), ( 4), ( 5), ( 12), ( 14), ( 15), (21), and ( 25) are the source of nonlinearity. Linearization techniques with different methods including McCormick relaxation 30 in constraints (4), ( 5) and ( 14), piecewise linear estimation 31 in constraints (4), (5) and (21), and binary-variable relaxation methods (well explained in Appendix) in constraints (1), ( 12), (15), and (25) are used to obtain an MILP problem.…”

“…3 Increasing the penetration rate of GCGU has increased the necessity of coordination in planning for the future of gas and electricity networks. 4 So far, most of the expansion models are developed in a centralized fashion 5 in which a single entity draws the optimal planning actions. Usually, central decision makers do not have enough knowledge or data about understudy energy system.…”

Stochastic expansion planning of gas and electricity networks: A decentralized-based approach

“…In this paper, DRP cost is integrated within operation and investment costs so as to find a flexible expansion plan of the integrated energy system [6]. In the proposed DRP, both shiftable and shedable load opportunities are considered to study the effects of flexible electricity loads on expansion plan of gas-electricity networks.…”

“…In the following, constraint (5) ensures power balance at each bus of the electricity system. Power flow through each transmission line is determined by (6). According to the DC load flow, (7) fixes the angle of the reference bus.…”

“…Integrated expansion planning of gas and electricity networks is accomplished in [1] using a centralized model where, authors employ a real world test case to examine the results. This method is further developed in [6] to analyze the effect of DRP on GEEP model. This method is also expanded to a leader-follower approach in [7] to coordinate the expansion planning of gas and electricity networks.…”