Expansion of the Fuel and Energy Balance Structure in Russia through the Development of a Closed-Loop Recycling

Abstract

The goal of the study is to propose the basis for the concept of expanding the fuel balance in Russia through the development of a closed-loop resource cycle. We propose to use the criterion of energy potential of waste to generate new data on the resource base of the fuel and energy complex at the regional level. In order to form a reliable source for replenishment of the resource potential of the fuel and energy complex through waste recovery, the basic principles of data collection are proposed and the methodology for determining the energy potential at the city level is demonstrated using municipal solid waste (MSW) in 11 Russian cities as an example. The results of the evaluation have shown that due to energy recycling, MSW can cover from 2.11% to 6.01% of the heat demand of the territory under consideration. In the study, we propose to supplement the maximum involvement of waste in the fuel and energy balance (FEB) in Russia with the criterion of optimization of the energy balance at all levels and to distinguish a separate column “energy potential of waste” in the balance structure. This approach fundamentally changes the structure of the balance and gives the grounds for revision of plans for production and transportation of traditional energy resources.

Assessment of the Impact of Technological Development and Scenario Forecasting of the Sustainable Development of the Fuel and Energy Complex

“…Thus, the impact of both global challenges and the process of technological development was taken into account at the last stage. At the same time, the current state of the FEC and fuel and energy balance within the country was used as the basis [71], as well as a share of the influence of industries by region. It was allocated based on a normalized assessment of specific industry parameters.…”

“…Energies 2023, 16, 3185 5 of 25 state of the FEC and fuel and energy balance within the country was used as the basis [71], as well as a share of the influence of industries by region. It was allocated based on a normalized assessment of specific industry parameters.…”

Students’ Environmental Care Attitude: A Study at Adiwiyata Public High School Based on the New Ecological Paradigm (NEP)

“…One cause of environmental problems that can contribute to environmental damage is humans who do not feel responsible for the environment, whether it be because they do not care about the environment or because they do not want to take part in protecting and preserving it. Environmental problems might occur because individuals still have a low level of environmental ethics and environmental care attitudes [3], resulting in environmental problems such as river pollution [4], waste pollution [5], floods [6][7][8], industrial waste pollution [9][10][11], forest degradation [12], seawater pollution [13], and drought [14]. All environmental problems have the potential to impact environmental quality [15] and even climate change [16].…”

The Effect of the Evaluation of Trash Can Removal Policy under the “Compulsory Times” of Waste-Sorting in Longhua District in China

“…Therefore, to alleviate this trend, many countries are promoting waste management. An effective waste-sorting system is the foundation of and precondition for efficient waste management [2], and source-separated collection can reduce the amount of MSW, especially the amount destined for landfill, which is the primary cause of global warming potential [3]. Many countries are engaged in ongoing efforts to increase the effectiveness of waste-sorting models [4].…”