Expansion of Bean Leaves and its Suppression by Salinity

Nieman, R. H.

doi:10.1104/pp.40.1.156

Cited by 82 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…At the cellular level, even though the total surface area of a leaf from a salt-damaged bean or radish plant is about one-half that of a normal leaf, the number of cells per unit area is nearly the same under both conditions. Thus, one may conclude that salinity has somehow depressed cell division but has had little or no influence on cellular expansion in the plane parallel to the leaf surface (16).…”

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Enzyme Levels in Pea Seedlings Grown on Highly Salinized Media

Weimberg

1970

Plant Physiol.

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The levels of 18 enzymes were determined in leaves, stems, and roots of 11-day-old pea seedlings grown in a liquid medium or in the same medium containing, in addition, 5 atmospheres of either NaCl, KCI, Na2SO4, or K2SO4. Though the plants grown in saline media were stunted, the specific activities of the enzymes were the same in the given tissues of all plants. Also, the electrophoretic pattern of isozymes of malate dehydrogenase was not altered by growth of the plants in a saline medium. However, the isozyme pattern of peroxidase from roots of salt-grown plants was altered in that two of the five detectable isozymes migrated a little more slowly than those in extracts from nonsaline plant tissues.Morphologically, the most typical symptom of saline injury to a plant is retarded growth, resulting in a stunted plant. For instance, in beans and radishes the surface area of a leaf from a plant growing in 3 atm of NaCl is approximately 50% less than that from a plant not subjected to salt insult (Ref. 18, and Nieman, R., personal communication 16-hr photoperiod; daytime temperature of 27 to 28 C and night temperature of 25 C; and light intensities of 3.8 X 104 lux at plant height. Light was provided by a bank of fluorescent plus tungsten bulbs.After 24 hr of growth in 1 atm of salt, salinity was increased to 2 atm. Subsequently, salt was added to the media in 1-atm increments at 12-hr intervals to a maximum of 5 atm. This concentration was selected as the maximal amount because plants growing in 5 atm of NaCl were roughly one-half the height of control plants. The salt concentrations were increased stepwise in order to minimize the effect of osmotic shock. In calculating the amount of salt needed to increase the osmotic pressure of each medium to the desired level, the contribution by the basic medium (one-half Hoagland's solution) of 0.4 atm is ignored. After the seedlings had been growing for 3 days in liquid media, one-half of each medium was replaced with an equivalent volume of a fresh solution of the same composition and osmotic strength. In another 3 days the plants were harvested. The pH of the media throughout the entire 6-day period was maintained between 5 and 6. In the above media, the osmotic pressure refers to the concentration of the added salt. The osmotic pressure contributed by the basic medium (one-half Hoagland's solution) is ignored.Both control plants and saline-grown plants had produced 3 to 4 nodes in the 11-day growth period; thus, the plants were assumed to be of nearly the same physiological age as well as chronological age. Except for differences in plant height and size of leaves, the plants grown under the several saline environments appeared healthy.On

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“…The chlorophyll content of leaves is different (17), and the ratio of protein, DNA, and RNA synthesis is altered (Ref. 16, and Nieman, R., personal communication). It is possible, then, that other subcellular constituents might also be affected by salt injury to the plant.…”

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Enzyme Levels in Pea Seedlings Grown on Highly Salinized Media

Weimberg

1970

Plant Physiol.

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“…Há casos também de que o aumento da salinidade do meio provoca redução dos respectivos assimilados orgânico (Muthukumarasamy et al, 2000;Parida et al, 2002). Em feijão comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivado em solos salinizados a síntese de proteína foi inibida (Nieman, 1965). Em raízes de feijão-de-corda, Aragão et al (2011) observaram declínio dos teores de proteína em plantas sob alta salinidade em solução nutritiva.…”

Section: Solutos Orgânicosunclassified

Solutos orgânicos e inorgânicos em diferentes fenofases de feijão de corda cultivado sob estresse salino

Calvet¹,

Lima²,

Pinto³

et al. 2012

Agraria

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RESUMOEste trabalho teve por objetivo estudar os efeitos da aplicação de solução salina e/ou água, alternadamente, em diferentes fases de desenvolvimento do feijão de corda cv. Epace 10. O experimento foi montado em casa de vegetação da Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical. O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso, com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições. As plantas foram submetidas à irrigação com água ou solução salina, utilizando-se os seguintes tratamentos: 1. irrigação com água até o final da fase III; 2. irrigação com solução salina até o final da fase III; 3. água até o final da fase I e solução salina até o final da fase III; 4. solução salina até o final da fase I e água até o final da fase III; 5.irrigação com água até o final da fase II e solução salina até o final da fase III; 6. irrigação com solução salina até o final da fase II e água até o final da fase III, momento em que os dados foram coletados e analisados. O teor de cloreto das plantas estressadas foi maior nas folhas e o de sódio foi mais elevado nos caules. Os teores de carboidratos das raízes foram elevados pelo tratamento salino, até a fase III. A salinidade aumentou os teores de N-aminossolúveis nas folhas e os reduziu nas raízes. O teor de proteínas diminuiu tanto nas folhas quanto nas raízes. A análise conjunta dos resultados revelou uma sensibilidade maior desta cultura na fase III (da floração até a frutificação). Palavras-chave:Carboidratos, N-aminossolúveis, proteínas, solução salina, Vigna unguiculata L. Organic and inorganic solutes contents in cowpea under salt stress at different phenological stages ABSTRACTThis study aimed to evaluate the application of saline and/or water, alternately, at different developmental stages of cowpea cv. Epace 10. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at Embrapa Agroindustria Tropical. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with six treatments and four replications. The plants were subjected to irrigation with water or saline solution, according to following treatments: 1. irrigation with water until the end of phase III, 2. irrigation with saline water until the end of phase III, 3. irrigation with water until the end of phase I and with saline water until the end of Phase III, 4. irrigation with saline water until the end of phase I and with water until the end of phase III, 5. irrigation with water until the end of phase II and with saline water until the end of phase III, 6. irrigation with saline water until the end of phase II and with water until the end of phase III, when the data were collected and analysed. The chloride content of water stressed plants was higher in leaves and that of sodium was higher in stems. The content of carbohydrate of the roots was increased by saline water treatment until phase III. The salinity increased levels of N-amino solutes in leaves and decreased in roots. The protein content decreased both in leaves and roots. The joint analysis of data showed a higher sensitivity of this crop in phase III (from flowering to fruiting).

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“…Em feijão, a síntese de proteína foi inibida em solos salinizados por 72 mM/L com NaCl (NIEMAN, 1965). STEVENS et al (1978) estudaram a atividade da peroxidase como parâme-tro de seleção, em espécies brássicas, para tolerância ao estresse salino.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Tolerância à salinidade em feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L)

Broetto

Lima

Brasil

1995

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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RESUMO:Uma das aplicações das técnicas da cultura de tecidos no melhoramento é a identificação de linhas de células que apresentam tolerância à salinidade. Vários autores obtiveram linhas de células tolerantes ao estresse salino; e estudo de mecanismos bioquímicos da tolerância a sais em plantas tem demonstrado altas correlações entre estes e o acúmulo de macromoléculas em tecido de plantas superiores. Para verificar essas correlações em feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris cv IAC carioca), calos oriundos de eixos embrionários foram cultivados em meio sólido, suplementado com NaCl nas concentrações de 0 a 60 mM. Após 13 dias de incubação, os calos foram coletados e analisados quanto ao crescimento relativo, teor de proteínas, teor de prolina e atividade da peroxidase. Os parâmetros analisados mostraram decréscimo no crescimento relativo e no de proteínas em resposta ao NaCl. Paralelamente, observou-se aumento significativo no conteúdo de prolina e atividade da enzima peroxidase. Descritores: cultura de tecidos, prolina, tolerância salina, peroxidase SALT TOLERANCE IN BEAN (Paseolus vulgaris) CELL CULTURE ABSTRACT:One of the applications of the tissue culture technique in plant improvement is the identification of cell lines which show salinity tolerance. Several authors were able to obtain saline stress-tolerant cell lines and show that mechanisms of tolerance to salts have a strong correlation between this phenomenon and a high macromolecule concentration in plant tissues. Callus obtained from embrionic axis of Phaseolus vulgarís cv. IAC carioca in solid medium, supplemented with 0 to 60 mM NaCl, as the salt treatment, were used. Callus harvesting was done on the 13 th day, when they were processed for relative growth, protein, proline content and peroxidase acivity. The results show both, a decrease of the relative growth and of protein content in response to the NaCl treatment, as compared to controls. However, there was a significant increase on the proline content and on the peroxidase activity.

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Expansion of Bean Leaves and its Suppression by Salinity

Abstract: Salinity has the curious faculty to

Cited by 82 publications

References 17 publications

Enzyme Levels in Pea Seedlings Grown on Highly Salinized Media

Enzyme Levels in Pea Seedlings Grown on Highly Salinized Media

Solutos orgânicos e inorgânicos em diferentes fenofases de feijão de corda cultivado sob estresse salino

Tolerância à salinidade em feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L)

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